Sod's law is a British cultureaxiom that "if something can go wrong, it will", sometimes also made to include that it will happen at "the worst possible time". The term is commonly used in the United Kingdom, though in North America the eponymous "Murphy's law" is more popular. The phrase seems to be derived, at least in part, from the colloquialism an "unlucky "; a term for someone who has had some bad unlucky experience, and is usually used as a sympathetic reference to the person. An alternative expression, again in British culture, is "hope for the best, expect the worst".
Sod's law is similar to, but broader than, Murphy's law. For example, concepts such as "bad fortune will be tailored to the individual" and "good fortune will occur in spite of the individual's actions" are sometimes given as examples of Sod's law in action. This would broaden Sod's law to a general sense of being "mocked by fate". In these aspects, it is similar to some definitions of irony, particularly the irony of fate. Murphy's technological origin as used by John Stapp during his Project MX981 is more upbeat—it was a reminder to the engineers and team members to be cautious and make sure everything was accounted for, to let no stone be left unturned—not an acceptance of an uncaring uninfluenceable fate. Although according to the account of George Nichols, Murphy's own use of the phrase -- "If there is any way to do it wrong, he will" -- was more similar to the British use. According to David J. Hand, emeritus professor of mathematics and senior research investigator at Imperial College London, Sod's law is a more extreme version of Murphy's law. While Murphy's law says that anything that can go wrong, will go wrong, Sod's law requires that it always goes wrong with the worst possible outcome. Hand suggests that belief in Sod's law is a combination of the law of truly large numbers and the psychological effect of the law of selection. The former says we should expect thingsto go wrong now and then, and the latter says we remember the exceptional events where something went wrong, but the great number of mundane events where nothing exceptional happened are forgotten.
Examples
"Perhaps this would be a better example of Sod's law: 'When you toss a coin, the more strongly you want heads, the more likely it is to come up tails'"—Richard Dawkins
"Traffic lights turn red when you're in a hurry, or your e-mail crashes just as you are about to hit 'send' on that critical message"—David Hand
Both Dawkins and Hand offered these examples as part of a critique of the thinking that leads to belief in such laws, rather than examples supporting the existence of the law. Both went on to explain the effect in terms of selection bias and the law of truly large numbers.
