Slovakia competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004. This was the nation's third consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympics since the post-Czechoslovak era. The Slovak Olympic Committee sent a total of 64 athletes to the Games, 48 men and 16 women, to compete in 11 sports. There was only a single competitor in artistic and trampoline gymnastics and sailing. The Slovak team featured four Olympic medalists from Sydney: freestyle and butterfly swimmer Martina Moravcová, twins Pavol and Peter Hochschorner, and slalom canoeist Michal Martikán, who later became the nation's flag bearer in the opening ceremony. Along with Moravcova, sprint canoeist Peter Páleš and track cyclistJaroslav Jeřábek were among the Slovak athletes to compete in four editions of the Summer Olympics, although they previously appeared as part of the Czechoslovak team. Other notable Slovak athletes featured professional tennis players Daniela Hantuchová and Karol Beck, rifle shooter and former Olympic medalist Jozef Gönci, and slalom kayak world championElena Kaliská. Slovakia left Athens with a total of six Olympic medals, an equal allocation of gold, silver, and bronze with two each, surpassing a single short of the tally from Sydney four years earlier. While the Hochschorner twins defended their Olympic title in double slalom canoeing, Slovak athletes continued to dominate the sport, as Elena Kaliská and Michal Martikán managed to claim Olympic medals in their respective events. Jozef Gönci added a second bronze to his Olympic career in men's air rifle shooting, while Jozef Krnáč set a historic milestone for Slovakia, after earning the nation's first Olympic medal in judo.
;Men ;Women Qualification Legend: Q = Qualify to final; q = Qualify to semifinal
Cycling
Road
Track
;Sprint ;Keirin ;Omnium
Athlete
Event
Points
Laps
Rank
Martin Liška Jozef Žabka
Men's madison
5
−2
15
Mountain biking
Gymnastics
Artistic
;Women
Trampoline
Judo
Two Slovak judoka qualified for the 2004 Summer Olympics.
Rowing
Slovak rowers qualified the following boats: ;Men Qualification Legend: FA=Final A ; FB=Final B ; FC=Final C ; FD=Final D ; FE=Final E ; FF=Final F ; SA/B=Semifinals A/B; SC/D=Semifinals C/D; SE/F=Semifinals E/F; R=Repechage
Sailing
Slovak sailors have qualified one boat for each of the following events. ;Men M = Medal race; OCS = On course side of the starting line; DSQ = Disqualified; DNF = Did not finish; DNS= Did not start; RDG = Redress given
Shooting
Three Slovak shooters qualified to compete in the following events: ;Men ;Women
Swimming
Slovak swimmers earned qualifying standards in the following events : ;Men ;Women
Synchronized swimming
Two Slovak synchronized swimmers qualified a spot in the women's duet.
Tennis
Slovakia nominated three male and four female tennis players to compete in the tennis tournament. ;Men ;Women
Weightlifting
Three Slovak weightlifters qualified for the following events:
