Shanghai Pudong International Airport


Shanghai Pudong International Airport is one of the two international airports in Shanghai and a major aviation hub of East Asia. Pudong Airport mainly serves international flights, while the city's other major airport Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport mainly serves domestic and regional flights in East Asia. Located about east of the city center, Pudong Airport occupies a site adjacent to the coastline in eastern Pudong. The airport is operated by Shanghai Airport Authority.
The airport is the main hub for China Eastern Airlines and Shanghai Airlines, and a major international hub for Air China, as well as secondary hub for China Southern Airlines. It is also the hub for privately owned Juneyao Airlines and Spring Airlines, and an Asia-Pacific cargo hub for FedEx, UPS and DHL. The DHL hub, opened in July 2012, is reportedly the largest express hub in Asia.
Pudong Airport has two main passenger terminals, flanked on both sides by four operational parallel runways. A third passenger terminal has been planned since 2015, in addition to a satellite terminal and two additional runways, which will raise its annual capacity from 60 million passengers to 80 million, along with the ability to handle six million tons of freight.
Pudong Airport is a fast-growing hub for both passenger and cargo traffic. With 3,703,431 metric tons handled in 2017, the airport is the world's third-busiest airport by cargo traffic. Pudong Airport also served a total of 74,006,331 passengers in 2018, making it the third-busiest airport in China after Beijing Capital and Hong Kong Airport, fifth-busiest in Asia, and the eighth-busiest in the world. It is also the busiest international gateway of mainland China, with 35.25 million international passengers. By the end of 2016, Pudong Airport hosted 104 airlines serving more than 210 destinations.
Shanghai Pudong is the busiest international hub in China, and about half of its total passenger traffic is international. Pudong Airport is connected to Shanghai Hongqiao Airport by Shanghai Metro Line 2 and the Shanghai Maglev Train via Pudong International Airport Station. There are also airport buses connecting it with the rest of the city.

History

Early development

Prior to the establishment of Pudong International Airport, Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport was the primary airport of Shanghai. During the 1990s, the expansion of Hongqiao Airport to meet growing demand became impossible as the surrounding urban area was developing significantly, and an alternative to assume all international flights had to be sought.
After deliberation, the municipal government decided to adopt the suggestion from Professor Chen Jiyu of East China Normal University, who wrote a letter to the Mayor of Shanghai Xu Kuangdi suggesting that the new airport should be constructed on the tidal flats of the south bank of the Yangtze River estuary, on the coast of the Pudong development zone to the east of Shanghai.
Construction of the first phase of the new Shanghai Pudong International Airport began in October 1997, took two years to build at a cost of RMB 12 billion, and was opened on October 1, 1999 It covers an area of and is from downtown Shanghai. The first phase of the airport has one 4E category runway along with two parallel taxiways, an apron, seventy-six aircraft positions and a cargo warehouse.
A second runway was opened on March 17, 2005, and construction of phase two began in December 2005 and started operation on March 26, 2008, in time for the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics.
In November 2011, Pudong Airport received approval from the national government for a new round of expansion which includes two runways. The 3,800-metre fourth runway, along with an auxiliary taxiway and traffic control facilities, is projected to cost 2.58 billion yuan. The 3,400-metre fifth runway, along with a new traffic tower, will cost 4.65 billion yuan. Construction was completed in 2015 and has doubled the capacity of the airport.

Ongoing expansion

Pudong International Airport officially started the third phase of the Pudong International Airport expansion with the construction on a new south satellite terminal on December 29, 2015. The new satellite terminal will be the world's largest single satellite terminal with a total construction area of 622,000 square meters, which is larger than the Pudong International Airport T2 terminal building. The satellite terminal is composed of two halls, S1 and S2, forming an H-shaped structure. It will have an annual design capacity of 38 million passengers, The total cost of the project is estimated to be about 20.6 billion yuan. Halls S1 and S2 will have 83 gates. A high capacity People mover connecting T1 to SI and T2 to S2 will be constructed. After the completion of the satellite terminal in 2019, Pudong International Airport will have an annual passenger capacity of 80 million passengers, ranking among the top ten airports in the world.
As of October 2019, the satellite S1 is in operation and connected by MRT to T1.

Facilities

The airport has 162 boarding bridges along with 189 remote gates. Four runways are parallel to the terminals : one runway with 4E rating, two runways with 4F rating, and two runways with 4F rating.
Pudong airport currently has four runways. Rwy 35L/17R and Rwy 34R/16L are mostly used for landing while Rwy 35R/17L and Rwy 34L/16R are mostly used for takeoff. Runway 15/33 is not in operation.

Terminal 1

Terminal 1 was opened on October 1, 1999 along with a 4000-metre runway and a cargo hub. It was built to handle the demand for traffic and to relieve Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport's traffic. The exterior of Terminal 1 is shaped like a seagull, and has 28 gates, 13 of which are double-decker gates. The capacity of Terminal 1 is 20 million passengers. It currently has 204 check-in counters, thirteen luggage conveying belts and covers an area of 280,000 square metres.
The gates for Terminal 1 is 1–12, 14–32, while the remote gates are 200-203 251-258, 208-212 213-216.

Terminal 2

Terminal 2, opened to public and officially opened on March 26, 2008, along with the third runway, is capable of handling 60 million passengers and 4.2 million tons of cargo annually. Terminal 2 is shaped like Terminal 1, although it more closely resembles a wave, and is slightly larger than Terminal 1. Terminal 2 also has more floor areas than Terminal 1. Terminal 2 is primarily used by Air China and other Star Alliance members.
The gates for Terminal 2 are 50–65, 67–79, 80–98 and the D gates. The gates between gates 65–79 are only odd numbered. Gates 50–57 and gates 92–98 are used for C gates only. The remote gates for Terminal 2 are C219-C224 for domestic and D228-D232 for international.

Satellite concourses

Construction on an additional satellite concourse facility that could accommodate further gates and terminal space started on December 29, 2015 and was inaugurated in September 2019. It is the largest stand-alone satellite airport terminal buildings in the world. This project will support 38 million passengers annually through 90 departure gates across two S1 and S2 concourses.Both S1 and S2 are connected together and these will be connected by an underground automated people mover to the current T1 and T2 terminals.
Gates for Domestic flights are labelled H in both S1 and S2 terminal,While G is labelled for International flights gates in both S1 and S2 terminal.
The gates for S1 terminal are H101-H147 for domestic flights, G101-G108 G114-G123 G133-G147 for international arrivals, G101-G102 G115-G123 G133-G140 for international departures.
The gates for S2 terminal are H148-H190 for domestic flights, G148-G145 G166-G177 G183-G190 for international arrivals, G150-G154 G167-G174 G189-G190 for international departures
Gates 101-102 115-123 133-140 150-154 167-174 189-190 can be used for both international and domestic arrivals and departures,Gates 103-108 114 141-147 148-149 155 166 175-177 183-190 can be used for both domestic arrivals and departures,but can only be used for international arrivals.Gates 109-113 124-132 156-165 178-182 can only be used for domestic departures and arrivals.

A380/B747-8 stands

Gates that can accommodate the A380/B747-8 are 24 71,75 119,121 504-507 168, 170, 173

A-CDM implementation

The airport has been using the Airport Collaborative Decision Making system developed by the aviation data service company VariFlight since January 2017. The system is aimed to improve on-time performance and safety of the airport's operations. By June 2017, Shanghai Pudong airport recorded 62.7% punctuality rate, which was a 15% increase compared to the same period previous year.

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

Cargo

Statistics

Ground transportation

Highway

All cars are equipped with racks and space designated for luggage.

Shanghai Metro Line 2

Prices and speeds are substantially lower than the Maglev. A casual ride to People's Square, the city center, typically takes just over one hour, while a trip to Hongqiao International Airport takes about 1.5 hour.
The east extension of Line 2 used to run in an independent pattern between Guanglan Road and Pudong Airport, in which the train would not run west of Guanglan Road and passengers had to transfer at this station. The regular service between East Xujing and Pudong Airport started in April 2019, allowing passengers to access the city center without the extra transfer. The regular service completely replaced the independent east extension service in October of the same year when the four-carriage trainsets special for the service started to be transformed into eight-carriage trainsets for the regular service.

Future plan

The plan for building a new commuter railway line connecting the airport with Hongqiao Airport, Airport Link, has been formally established in 2015 and approved in December 2018 by National Development and Reform Commission. This railway starts from Shanghai East railway station under planning, via Disneyland, Zhangjiang and Sanlin in Pudong, Huajing in Xuhui and Qibao in Minhang. It will use the unused area in Hongqiao Railway Station originally for Maglev for its station at Hongqiao Transportation Hub.

Airport buses

Eight airport bus lines serve the airport, providing rapid links to various destinations.