The Sham Legion was formed on 10 March 2014 from 19 Islamist rebel groups in Syria. These groups operated from the Aleppo Governorate to Damascus, but were concentrated in the Idlib, Hama, and Homs governorates. The formation aimed to "unify the ranks" of non-al-Qaeda-affiliated Islamist rebels in Syria. After its formation, the group took part in the Battle of Murak and Khan Shaykhun in 2014. Upon the formation of the group it distanced itself from the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood in order to achieve Saudi aid which views the Muslim Brotherhood as a dangerous entity while also opposing the government of Bashar al-Assad and allied Iranian and Shiite forces. The group also sent advisers to support Libya Dawn forces based in Tripoli, which were fighting against the Libyan National Army. On 24 March 2015, the Army of Conquest, an alliance of Sunni Islamist and Salafist jihadist groups in Syria, was announced, with the Sham Legion as a member group. As part of the Army of Conquest, the Sham Legion took part in the Battle of Idlib and the subsequent Idlib and wider Northwestern Syria offensives. On 26 April 2015, along with 6 other major Aleppo-based rebel groups: Ahrar al-Sham, Jaysh al-Islam, Fastaqim Union, Levant Front, Levant Revolutionaries Battalions, and Dawn of Caliphate Battalions, the Sham Legion established the Fatah Halab joint operations room. Major Yasser Abdul Rahim, field commander of the Sham Legion, was appointed commander of Fatah Halab, a position he maintained until government forces recaptured the entirely of Aleppo in December 2016. Between 2014 and 2016, the Sham Legion was at one point a rebel group vetted by the United States and received BGM-71 TOW anti-tank missiles. In January 2016, the Northern Brigade was formed as part of the Sham Legion in the Aleppo Governorate. The group participated in Operation Euphrates Shield, which began on 24 August 2016 in Jarabulus and aimed to expel the Syrian Democratic Forces and the Islamic State from the northern Aleppo Governorate. Following the campaign, Sham Legion became involved in conflict between the different Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army factions. On 30 May 2017, after increasing inter-rebel conflict in northern Aleppo, the Sham Legion expelled the Northern Brigade from its ranks and dismissed its commander, Captain Mustafa Rami al-Kuja. The Sham Legion, along with six other TFSA groups, formed the Victory Bloc in June 2017, while the Free North Brigade, formerly part of the al-Tawhid Brigade, joined the Sham Legion on 16 June 2017. The Sham Legion also took part in the Turkish military intervention in Afrin in 2018, with its chief commander Major Yasser Abdul Rahim serving as "key member" of the campaign's Olive Branch Operations' Room. Yasser stated that the operation against the Syrian Democratic Forces in the Afrin District was aimed at "liberate the area from all kinds of terrorism and protect civilians, Arabs and Kurds" and that the TFSA would attempt to avoid civilian casualties. On 7 February 2018, Yasser was dismissed from his position as commander without explanation, and was replaced by Khaldun Mador. Khaldun, who is little-known without media coverage, is reportedly the third highest-ranking commander of the Sham Legion. Yasser proceeded to join the Glory Corps. In May 2018, along with 10 other rebel groups in northwestern Syria, the Sham Legion formed the National Front for Liberation, which was officially announced on 28 May. ColonelFadlallah al-Haji, commander of the Sham Legion, was appointed as the overall commander of the formation. On 4 June, the Martyrs of Islam Brigade, also part of the NFL, joined the Sham Legion.
