Sexteto Habanero


The Sexteto Habanero was a Cuban son sextet founded in 1920 in Havana. It played an important part in the early history of the genre, contributing to its popularization all around Cuba. In 1927, the band incorporated a cornet player becoming the Septeto Habanero. Although most original members left in the 1930s, the band has continued to perform and record with different line-ups. Their last album was released in 2010 for their 90th anniversary.

History

Origins

In 1916, tres player and director Ricardo Martínez from Santiago de Cuba founded the Cuarteto Oriental together with Guillermo Castillo, Gerardo Martínez and Felipe Neri Cabrera. In 1917, they left Oriente to record four tracks for Columbia Records in Havana. The songs are listed in a Columbia catalog for 1921, but are probably lost. However, the same group expanded to a sextet in 1918, with Castillo now on guitar, Antonio Bacallao on botija and Óscar Sotolongo on bongos. They renamed themselves Sexteto Típico Oriental. Meanwhile, members of the Victor record label decided to make son recordings at the Hotel Inglaterra in Havana, hiring musician Carlos Godínez to organize a band. Only two of the six recordings they made have been issued on CD. Credited to Sexteto Habanero Godínez, these are the oldest known recordings in the sexteto format. According to Díaz Ayala, the band in these recordings featured Carlos Godínez, María Teresa Vera, Manuel Corona, "Sinsonte", Alfredo Boloña and a sixth musician, possibly Rafael Zequeira. In 1919, the discrepancies within the Sexteto Típico Oriental led to the departure of Ricardo Martínez, who was then replaced by Godínez. In 1920, the band renamed itself Sexteto Habanero.
Thus, the founding members of the Sexteto Habanero were Guillermo Castillo, Carlos Godínez, Gerardo Martínez, Antonio Bacallao, Óscar Sotolongo and Felipe Neri Cabrera. The instrumental set-up is interesting, because they use some of the original instruments of the son, including the botija and a unique "square bongó".

1925 to 1931

The main set of recordings by the Sexteto Habanero were made between 1925 and 1931. The line-up in these recordings was modernized with respect to the original sextet, as the group appreciated that the double bass was a musically more suitable instrument than the botijuela, which was abandoned by them and most other son groups. By 1925 the band's line-up featured Gerardo Martínez as the new leader, also singing and playing double bass; Guillermo Castillo on guitar and vocals; Felipe Neri Cabrera on maracas and vocals; and two new members: Agustín Gutiérrez on bongó, and Abelardo Barroso as lead vocalist and maraquero, both of whom would also play with the Habanero's rival band, Septeto Nacional. Rafael Hernández "El Picher" often replaced Barroso on lead vocals and maracas, while José Manuel Carriera Incharte "El Chino" possibly played instead of Agustín Gutiérrez in some sessions.
The group's recordings in the 1925 to 1931 era were made in New York City and originally released as 78 rpm singles, now available on LP and CD. The music is of high quality, considering the technical limitations of the time. The group won first prize in the Concurso de Sones in 1925 and 1926. On March 21, 1927, Enrique Hernández joined the Habanero on cornet, turning the sexteto into a septeto. Hernández was replaced by trumpeter Félix Chappottín in February 1928. Chappottín would remain with the band until 1930, when he was replaced by José Interián. The Habanero was one of the first septetos, preceded only by the Septeto Apolo and Septeto Orquídea. In October 1929, a performance of the Septeto was filmed in Ybor City, Florida, for the movie Hell Harbor. This footage, which features Óscar Sotolongo's son, Andrés Sotolongo, on bongos, ranks among the earliest pieces of film documenting son cubano.

Septeto Habanero and Conjunto Típico Habanero

Although de facto a septet since 1927, the band didn't release music as the Septeto Habanero until 1945. Due to the advent of conjuntos and big bands, the band remained largely inactive between 1931 and 1945, making recordings only in a session on September 17, 1940. In the early 1930s the band experienced important line-up changes, with Guillermo Castillo and Carlos Godínez leaving in 1934. The following year, director Gerardo Martínez left the band to form a new group, Conjunto Típico Habanero. Throughout the 1940s, the Conjunto Típico Habanero would remain linked to the Septeto Habanero, as Martínez made recordings with the Septeto in the mid 1940s. After the death of Martínez in 1958, the Septeto Habanero incorporated a tumbadora, güiro and another trumpet under the direction of Manolo Furé, changing its name to Conjunto Típico Habanero.

Re-formation

In 1983, the Conjunto Típico Habanero reverted its name definitively to Septeto Habanero, still with Manolo Furé as lead singer and claves player. In 1995, the band recorded an album for its 75th anniversary entitled 75 Años después. The band was actually as octet, featuring Manolo Furé, Germán Pedro Ibáñez, José Antonio Pérez, Digno Marcelino Pérez, Felipe Ferrer, Bárbaro Teuntor García, Faustino Sánchez Illa and Ricardo Ferro Vicente.
After the death of Furé, guitarist and singer Germán Pedro "Pedrito" Ibáñez, who joined the band in 1962, became the director until his death in 2007. In November 1997, the band recorded Orgullo de los soneros, an album released by Lusafrica in 1998. The line-up in these recordings featured Germán Pedro Ibáñez, José Antonio Pérez, Emilio Moret, Digno Marcelino Pérez, Felipe Ferrer, Servando Arango, Faustino Sánchez Illa and Ricardo Ferro Vincente. Their second album on Lusafrica, Celebrando sus 80 años, was released in March 2000 for the band's 80th anniversary with the same line-up.
In 2010, their 90th anniversary album 90 años: Orgullo de los soneros was nominated for the Latin Grammy Award for Best Traditional Tropical Album. The album was recorded between February and March 2009 with the following line-up: Felipe Ferrer, Juan A. Jústiz, José Antonio Pérez, Emilio Moret, Ernesto Laza, Ibrahim Aties, Digno Marcelino Pérez, Gilberto Azcuy and Jaime Gracián. The album was dedicated to Pedrito Ibáñez and Servando Arango "El Chino", who had recently died.

Discography

;Studio albums