September 2019 suspension of rebel Conservative MPs


On 3 September 2019, the British Conservative Party withdrew the whip from 21 of its MPs who had supported an emergency motion to allow the House of Commons to undertake proceedings on the European Union Bill on 4 September. In the hours after the vote, the Chief Whip Mark Spencer informed the rebel MPs that they were no longer entitled to sit as Conservatives.
The suspended MPs included two former Chancellors of the Exchequer, seven other former Cabinet members, and 12 others including Nicholas Soames.
On 29 October 2019, 10 of the suspended MPs had the whip restored. Six stood down at the December 2019 election, while four contested it as Conservative candidates; all four retained their seats. Of the 11 who remained suspended, six declined to stand at the election, while five stood as independents or Liberal Democrats; all five lost their seats.

Background

In April 2019, Speaker of the House of Commons John Bercow allowed Sir Oliver Letwin to table a motion that would allow MPs to undertake proceedings on the second reading, committee, and third reading of the European Union Bill in one day. The motion was passed by one vote. Subsequently, the bill was passed as the European Union Act 2019.
Several of the MPs had voted for Theresa May's ultimately unsuccessful Withdrawal Agreement, and subsequently continued to oppose a "no deal" Brexit scenario. They became known in the media as the "Gaukeward Squad" after their informal leader David Gauke.
In September 2019, Bercow again permitted Letwin to introduce a motion under Standing Order No. 24 to take control of parliamentary business away from the government, this time to allow for the passage of the European Union Bill, to be introduced by Hilary Benn on the following day. In anticipation of the vote, the government whips' office announced that voting in favour of Letwin's motion would effectively be "destroying the government's negotiating position and handing control of parliament to Jeremy Corbyn." On that basis, those Conservative MPs supporting the motion would have the whip withdrawn.

Rebel MPs

A total of 21 Conservative MPs voted for the motion:

Aftermath

On 5 September, the Universities Minister Jo Johnson, who is also the Prime Minister Boris Johnson's younger brother, announced his resignation from the Cabinet and that he would stand down as an MP at the subsequent general election. The Daily Telegraph reported that Johnson's decision had been triggered by the suspension of Conservative MPs two days prior.
Two days later, on 7 September, the Work and Pensions Secretary Amber Rudd resigned from the Cabinet and surrendered the Conservative whip in Parliament in protest at Boris Johnson's policy on Brexit and the treatment of the 21 rebel MPs.
On 9 September, the bill was passed as the European Union Act 2019.
On 14 September, former Conservative leadership contender Sam Gyimah, who was one of the 21, joined the Liberal Democrats. On 4 October, former Cabinet minister and former Conservative leadership contender Rory Stewart resigned from the Conservative Party, in order to stand as an independent candidate for Mayor of London.
On 29 October, 10 of the MPs suspended from the party in September had the whip restored. They were Alistair Burt, Caroline Nokes, Greg Clark, Sir Nicholas Soames, Ed Vaizey, Margot James, Richard Benyon, Stephen Hammond, Steve Brine and Richard Harrington.
On 31 October, Antoinette Sandbach joined the Liberal Democrats. On 5 November, Philip Hammond announced that he would stand down as an MP at the forthcoming general election.