Selamectin


Selamectin is a topical parasiticide and anthelminthic used on dogs and cats, distributed by Zoetis, a former Pfizer subsidiary. It treats and prevents infections of heartworms, fleas, ear mites, sarcoptic mange, and certain types of ticks in dogs, and prevents heartworms, fleas, ear mites, hookworms, and roundworms in cats. It is structurally related to ivermectin and milbemycin. Selamectin is not approved for human use.

Usage

The drug is applied topically. It is isopropyl alcohol based, packaged according to its varying dosage sizes and applied once monthly. It is not miscible in water.

Mode of action

Selamectin disables parasites by activating glutamate-gated chloride channels at muscle synapses. Selamectin activates the chloride channel without desensitization, allowing chloride ions to enter the nerve cells and causing neuromuscular paralysis, impaired muscular contraction, and eventual death.
The substance fights both internal and surface parasitic infection. Absorbed into the body through the skin and hair follicles, it travels through the bloodstream, intestines, and sebaceous glands; parasites ingest the drug when they feed on the animal's blood or secretions.

Side effects

Selamectin has been found to be safe and effective in a 2003 review.
Selamectin has high safety ratings, with less than 1% of pets displaying side effects. In cases where side-effects do occur, they most often include passing irritation or hair loss at the application site. Symptoms beyond these could be due to shock as a result of selamectin killing heartworms or other vulnerable parasites present at high levels in the bloodstreams of dogs. This would be a reaction due to undetected or underestimated infections prior to using the medication, rather than an actual allergic reaction to the drug itself.

Similar products

Main rival products for dogs include ivermectin or milbemycin oxime for heartworms, imidacloprid and moxidectin, fipronil or lufenuron for fleas, or the combination milbemycin oxime/lufenuron for both.