Santa Ana, El Salvador


Santa Ana is the second largest city in El Salvador, after the capital of San Salvador. It is located 64 kilometers northwest of San Salvador, the capital city. Santa Ana has approximately 374,830 ) inhabitants and serves both as the capital of the department of Santa Ana and as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name. For its administration the municipality is divided into 35 colonias and 318 small villages.
A major processing center for El Salvador's sizable coffee bean industry is located near Santa Ana.
Santa Ana, which is the second city in importance in El Salvador, has become a tourist destination, especially for tourists eager to learn about Salvadoran culture and traditions.
Currently, the mayor of Santa Ana is Milena de Escalón, from ARENA, a right-wing political party.

Geography

The city of Santa Ana is located on a meseta about 665 meters above sea level. The city has year-round warm climate with an average temperature of around. The main river is the Guajoyo river which is a major tributary of the much larger Lempa River. There is a major Hydroelectric Power station at the Guajoyo river that provides electricity to most of the western sector of the country.
The city is situated among a number of green hills, including Tecana Hill and the Hills of Santa Lucía.
In the southern part of the municipality is the Ilamatepec volcano, the highest volcano in the country, which had a moderate eruption in 2005 that killed two people. Close to it is another famous volcano, Izalco, known to sailors throughout the mid-19th century and early 20th century as "The lighthouse of the Pacific" due to its constant eruptions.

Surrounding mountains

The main hills in the municipality are: Cerro Tecana, Cerro Santa Lucia, Cerro Camones, Mount Loquat, Cerro La Tortuga, Kimberly and Cerro El Pinar, Santa Dela. On the other hand, the highest elevation in the town is the Santa Ana volcano.

Physio-graphic regions

The relief of the municipality may be divided into three physiographic regions, which are:
The range Apaneca, which is located in the southern part of town and home to the Santa Ana volcano, the volcano of Izalco and the Cerro Verde, which is located in the Natural Park of Cerro Verde.
Apaneca from the mountains to the center of town lies a plain or plain, which lies on the plateau where the city is located.
North of the plateau is the mountain range-Comecayo Mita, in which small rise orographic configurations such as the hills Tecan, Pinalito, Pinalón, Santa Lucia and Camones.

Hydrology

Guajoyo River is one of the major rivers in the municipality of Santa Ana
The city and the greater part thereof is located in the Lempa River basin region, while the remaining parts of the municipality are in the basin region of Coatepeque. Within the Lempa River basin region, the city and Most of the municipality is located in the upper Lempa River.
The city is surrounded both above aquifers located in the basement, of which most are moderate vulnerability.

Surface waters

Within the streams that flow through the territory of the municipality including the City, the main rivers are:
Lempa River, which forms the border with the municipality of Nueva Concepcion Guajoyo River, which flows into the River Drainage and Suquiapa River, which forms the confluence of the Apanchacal rivers and Zarco.
In addition, another 15 rivers and 52 minor streams flow through the municipality of Santa Ana Of these 15 rivers listed above, the city is crisscrossed by rivers: El Molino, and Apanchacal Apanteos o Sauce.
In the southern part of the town is connected with Lake Coatepeque, which has become one of the main attractions of the entire Department of Santa Ana.

Climate

The city and the entire municipality of Santa Ana are located in the tropics and have a tropical savanna climate. The city experiences two distinct seasons, which are: the dry season and rainy season.
The municipality of Santa Ana has a mean annual temperature of with a temperature around and minimum and maximum. Although at times the maximum temperatures often exceed, since it is a city with a very hot climate. It also has an annual relative humidity between 70% and 75%.
The city is dominated by winds from the southwest and west, both during the dry season and during the rainy season, these winds have an annual rate of 7.8 km/h.24
In addition, any municipality, including the city, is affected by the hurricane season in the Atlantic. In which, the continuous tropical storms and hurricanes increase the flow of rivers, damaging some areas with flooding.

History

Pre-Columbian era

The city of Santa Ana has a pre-Columbian origin. There is evidence of Preclassic settlements in the area of the city, mainly in the archaeological site of Villa Rosita, where the dominant centre was located in the area. This and other settlements were depopulated by the eruption of Lake Ilopango at 250 DC.
The city was founded by the Maya Poqomam in the classical period. The first name of the settlement is unknown, however, it is known that when the Pipil entered and conquered the area in 1200 during the post-classic period, translated the original Nahuatl name, which was Sihuatehuacán, which means place of priestesses. Sihuatehuacán was located in what is now the suburb of Santa Barbara near the rivers Apanchacal and Apanteos.

Conquest and colonization

The town was conquered by the Spanish between 1530 and 1540. On July 26, 1569 the Guatemalan Bishop Bernardino Villalpando Sihuatehuacán renamed the Santa Ana, La Grande. In the year 1532 was given to Diego de Usagre and from 1540-1786 served on the Mayor of San Salvador. In 1550 he was entrusted to Antonio Docampo.
San Salvador, the city of Santa Ana, and the western and central part of the current Salvadoran territory was administered by the mayor of the department of San Salvador. Since 1770 the central parish of the city was the head of the parish of Santa Ana. From the year 1786-1824 was the capitol of the Santa Ana district, which was part of the Municipality San Salvador.

19th century

In 1806 was established the council of the town of Santa Ana, being its first mayor José Mariano Castro. Five years later, there were two uprisings in the town as part of the uprising in San Salvador, the first on November 17 another on 24 June 1812. In November it was designated with the title of town.
On December 21, 1821 the council declared the independence from Spain. In 1824, it received the title of city, being part of the department of Sonsonate and in 1835 became the department head of that department. In 1854, the town Santa Lucia Chacalcingo became part of Santa Ana as one of its neighborhoods. A year later, the department of Santa Ana was created.
Later, the "revolution of the 44" that overthrew President Carlos Ezeta, who ruled the country from the current headquarters of the Second Infantry Brigade of Santa Ana. Since then, the town earned the nickname of the heroic city because the 44 rebels were from the municipality. The rebels stormed the government headquarters, leading the d'coup that would free the country from the dictatorship.

Postwar 20th century and Civil Santa Ana in 1916

In the so-called "golden age of coffee" in El Salvador, Santa Ana was the most prosperous city in the country, because many of the businessmen who lived in that town owned important coffee processing plants that prepared the coffee for sale. La Hacienda El Molino, owned by the Colombian Rafael Alvarez, was the main plantation and coffee processing plant because of its fame and its technological modernism at the time.
During the civil war in El Salvador, the municipality of Santa Ana was also affected by armed conflict, which led to the emigration of many residents of the city.
After the war, Santa Ana and all of El Salvador began to address the problem of rising crime rates, mostly due to the existence of "maras" or gangs, mainly generated by the deportation of illegal immigrants from the United States. This scourge has been fought with government programs and ordinances issued by the council municipal.
Since the civil war, the municipality has received allowances sent by Salvadorians living abroad to their friends and family. This money has become the largest source of revenue for Santa Ana and El Salvador.
In 1999 the Urban Development Master Plan was launched by the municipal administration of Moses Macall Monterrosa. The PLAMADUR spurred the growth, expansion and management of ciudad.
Also in 2004, the Salvadorian government introduced the National Land Management Plan and Territorial Development that promotes the development, integration and competitiveness of Salvadoran municipalities. For the purposes of planning and development of municipalities, these have been grouped into regions, subregions and microregions. The municipality of Santa Ana was incorporated into the region, "West Central subregion, Santa Ana - Resume" and "microregion of Santa Ana ".

Education

The city of Santa Ana has 183 schools according to statistics from the Salvadoran Ministry of Education, out of those 53 are private. Some of the best known schools are:
  1. Colegio Bautista
  2. Liceo San Luis
  3. Escuela Interamericana
  4. Colegio Latinoamericano
  5. Colegio Salesiano San José
  6. Colegio Santa María
  7. CE INSA
  8. Colegio Maria Auxiliadora
  9. Liceo Santaneco
Santa Ana has a few universities, some of the major ones are: Universidad Católica de El Salvador, Universidad de El Salvador Facultad Multidiciplinaria de Occidente, Universidad Francisco Gavidia, and Universidad Autónoma de Santa Ana.

Economy

Santa Ana today is the second largest city in population and importance in El Salvador. The main economic engines of the city are in retail and manufacturing. In the north and west of the city are factories and assembly plants mostly of foreign origin. The southern part of the city is more commercially developed, containing many restaurants, commercial banks, hotels and shopping malls. The largest shopping mall in the city is metrocentro.
Santa Ana has two main markets: the Colón and Central Markets, only a few streets from one another, offering a great variety of products.
With respect to tourism, the city has many old buildings such as: Catedral de Santa Ana, Alcaldía Municipal de Santa Ana and the Teatro de Santa Ana.
The only museum in the city registered by the Concultura is the Occidental Regional Museum, also known as the Museum of the West. However El Museo Aja is also located in the city. There are also the Apanteos and Sihuatehuacán water parks.
Fiestas Julias is a big traditional celebration in Santa Ana during the 15 through the 31 of July. Every year they usually take place in the Oscar quiteño stadium.

Culture and art

The culture of Santa Ana and all of El Salvador is a result of the influence of the pre-Columbian indigenous inhabitants and the Spanish colonization.
The government agency that is responsible for preserving and promoting culture throughout the country is the Ministry of Culture. Likewise, the city has its own decentralized office that is responsible for preserving and promoting culture and art throughout the city: the Coordinator of culture, recreation, art and education.

Centers for Cultural Development

The city has its own Casa de Cultura, which is managed by the Ministry of Culture and is responsible for disseminating and promoting research, and for expanding local art and art from the entire municipality.
Likewise, there are centers of culture and art education in the city, such as the Western Arts Center which was developed by the Cultural Heritage Association of Santa Ana.
The main museum of the city is the Western Regional Museum, which is a historical site and also one of culture and art. Another is the Aja Museum, developed by the movement Siglo XXIII, which promotes culture and popular art.
Also, the city has its own public library, whose official name is "David Granadino” Public Library, which is managed by Concultura.
For the presentation of the performing arts, the city has important venues. The main venue, because of its size and age, is the National Theater of the city. Other establishments used for the presentation of performing arts are the Cine Principal and the Centro Municipal de Usos Múltiples El Palmar.

Sport

Santa Ana is home to C.D. FAS, one of the most famous football clubs in El Salvador. Their home stadium is Estadio Óscar Quiteño, built in 1963 with an approximate capacity of 20,000 fans.

Religion

In regard to religion, as in the rest of the country, the population is mostly Catholic, being the host city of the Diocese of Santa Ana, which occupies the departments of Santa Ana and Ahuachapán. And part of the ecclesiastical province of El Salvador.
Among his most important Catholic churches are the Cathedral of Santa Ana,, the El Calvario church, Church El Carmen,the Church of Santa Lucia, San Lorenzo church, Santa Barbara Church, the Mother of the Saviour parish church and the San José Obrero.
Also, several Christian evangelical churches, which have seen an increased influx of believers and as an important part of popular faith and, it is claimed, have more worshippers than does the Roman Catholic Church.
Other religious groups, such as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and Jehovah's Witnesses also have a place in the town and the city of Santa Ana.

Twin towns – sister cities

The City of Santa Ana has sistership with the following cities: