Choudhury was born at Baniachong Upazila in Habiganj on 25 December 1964. He graduated from the journalism department of Dhaka University and organised various cultural programs and taught his classmates how to sing during his time at the university. During the mass upsurge against Hossain Mohammad Ershad his poems gained popularity as he was known to his Dhaka University colleagues as Sanjeebda or Brother Sanjeeb. He initially sang at a band group named Shongkhochil. During the mid 1990s he and Bappa Mazumder formed their band Dalchhut which within a short time gained popularity. In 1996, Dalchhut released their first album Ahh. The duet song in the albumShada Moila Rongila Pale become an instant hit. Dalchhut's second album was Hridoypur, which happened to be their most popular album. In the album, Bappa and Sanjeeb sang the song Gari Chole Na of Shah Abdul Karim which was shown on Ittadi. Choudhury's solo Ami Tomakei Bole Debo was another song of that album. In Dalchhut's third albumAakaashchuri, folk tuned song Bioscope was again shown on Ittadi and became famous. Sanjeeb's solo album Swapnobaji was released in 2005. In 2007, Dalchhut's final album Jochhnabihar was released after a long break. Sanjeeb wrote the title songJochhnabihar and tuned and sang some others.
Sanjeeb Choudhury was a Bangladesh Students' Union activist. During his intermediate study in Dhaka College he involved with this leftist student political organization and during his undergraduate study in Dhaka University he was cultural secretary of central committee of Bangladesh Students'Union. After his graduation from the journalism department of Dhaka University, Choudhury worked in a number of dailies. He started off at Ajker Kagoj and later joined Bhorer Kagoj and established himself as a feature writer. He was the departmental editor of Mela which was a popular supplement of the paper. Subsequently, he became the editor of Istikutum and Pathok Forum which brought the readers of the newspaper to a place where they had the chance to express their views. He taught and trained many young journalists and run many workshops. He also worked in Jaijaidin for a while.
Personal life
Choudhury was married to Progga Nasrin Shilpi. Their daughter is Kingbadanti.
After his death department of Mass Communication and Journalism of the University of Dhaka started a scholarship program named Sanjeeb Chowdhury Scholarship for the students who did outstanding academic result.