SMART criteria


SMART is a mnemonic/acronym, giving criteria to guide in the setting of objectives, for example in project management, employee-performance management and personal development. The letters S and M generally mean specific and measurable. Possibly the most common version has the remaining letters referring to achievable, relevant, and time-bound. However, the term's inventor had a slightly different version and the letters have meant different things to different authors, as described below. Additional letters have been added by some authors.
The first-known use of the term occurs in the November 1981 issue of Management Review by George T. Doran. The principal advantage of SMART objectives is that they are easier to understand and to know when they have been done. SMART criteria are commonly associated with Peter Drucker's management by objectives concept.
Often the term S.M.A.R.T. Goals and S.M.A.R.T. Objectives will surface. Although the acronym SMART generally stays the same, objectives and goals can differ. Goals are the distinct purpose that is to be anticipated from the assignment or project. Objectives on the other hand are the determined steps that will direct full completion of the project goals.

History

The November 1981 issue of Management Review contained a paper by George T. Doran called There's a S.M.A.R.T. way to write management's goals and objectives. It discussed the importance of objectives and the difficulty of setting them.

Current definitions

Each letter in SMART refers to a different criterion for judging objectives. There is some variation in usage, but typically accepted criteria are as follows:
LetterMost commonAlternative
S.Specific
M.MeasurableMotivating
A.Achievable or attainableAssignable, Agreed, action-oriented, ambitious, aligned with corporate goals,
R.RelevantRealistic, resourced, reasonable,, results-based
T.Time-bound or time-limitedTrackable, time-based, time-oriented, time/cost limited, timely, time-sensitive, timeframe, testable

Choosing certain combinations of these labels can cause duplication, such as selecting 'attainable' and 'realistic'. They can also cause significant overlapping as in combining 'appropriate' and 'relevant'. The term 'agreed' is often used in management situations where buy-in from stakeholders is desirable.

Additional criteria

Some authors have added additional letters giving additional criteria. Examples are given below.
Other mnemonic acronyms also give criteria to guide in the setting of objectives.