SECR H class
The South Eastern and Chatham Railway H Class is a class of 0-4-4T steam locomotive originally designed for suburban passenger work, designed by Harry Wainwright in 1904. Most of the sixty-six members of the class were later equipped for push-pull working for use on rural branch lines.
Background
The two constituent railways of the SECR had both relied on 0-4-4T locomotives for London suburban, and semi-fast train services. The South Eastern Railway Q class was introduced in 1887, and the London Chatham and Dover Railway R class in 1891. Of these, the R was the most successful design, and was continued in production by Harry Wainwright after the amalgamation of the railways in 1899. However, as traffic continued to increase there was a need for a new powerful 0-4-4T design to take over from the SER Q class. Wainwright therefore based his new design on the R1 class.Construction
The first seven locomotives were built by Ashford Works in November and December 1904. The design was soon found to be successful so that sixty-four were built at Ashford between 1904 and 1909. Following Wainwright's retirement Richard Maunsell discovered that sixty-six had been ordered and their components built, but had not been erected earlier. Therefore a further two were erected in 1915.The H class boiler design was found to be so successful that it was later used as a standard replacement boiler on the SECR R1 class, LCDR B1 class, LCDR B2 class, LCDR R class, SER O1 class, SER Q1 class, and SER R1 class. All 66 locomotives were equipped with vacuum brakes as used on the former SER, but thirteen also had Westinghouse air brakes and were used on the former LCDR lines.
Use
The majority of the class replaced Q class locomotives on the London suburban services of the SER and remained on these duties until after they entered Southern Railway stock in 1923. They began to be displaced by the electrification of these lines in 1925/6, when they began to be used on stopping trains further afield in the Eastern Section of Southern Railway in Kent. After 1929, they also began to be used on the Central Section, where they replaced withdrawn D3 class locomotives. Between 1941 and 1952, two examples were loaned to the Western Section and worked from Nine Elms on local shunting and empty stock. During 1943 and 1944 three examples were also loaned to the London Midland and Scottish Railway at Forfar.Two members of the class were withdrawn during the Second World War, but the remaining 64 entered British Railways stock in 1948. Forty five of the survivors were equipped for push-pull train working between 1949 and 1960, and the class was increasingly used on motor-trains on rural branches. With the completion of the Kent electrification scheme between 1959 and 1962, most of the surviving members of the class were withdrawn, except for a few examples working the non-electrified lines between Tunbridge Wells and Three Bridges.
| Year | Quantity in service at start of year | Quantity withdrawn | Locomotive numbers | Notes |
| 1944 | 66 | 2 | 1264, 1312 | |
| 1945–50 | 64 | 0 | – | |
| 1951 | 64 | 5 | 31016, 31182, 31532/41/46 | |
| 1952–53 | 59 | 0 | – | |
| 1954 | 59 | 1 | 31311 | |
| 1955 | 58 | 4 | 31158, 31309/20, 31531 | |
| 1956 | 54 | 0 | – | |
| 1957 | 54 | 2 | 31274, 31321 | |
| 1958 | 52 | 1 | 31184 | |
| 1959 | 51 | 11 | 31164, 31259/69/79/95, 31327/29, 31503/23/48/54 | |
| 1960 | 40 | 7 | 31239/65–66, 31310/19, 31520/40 | |
| 1961 | 33 | 18 | 31161–62/77/93, 31261/76, 31306–07/22/26/28, 31500/12/17/19/50/52–53 | |
| 1962 | 15 | 8 | 31278, 31305/08/24, 31521/30/33/42 | |
| 1963 | 7 | 4 | 31005, 31522/43–44 | |
| 1964 | 3 | 3 | 31263, 31518/51 |
Accidents and incidents
- On 11 March 1913, locomotive No. 324 was hauling a passenger train that failed to stop at station, Kent. It collided with a van and pushed it through the buffers. Ten people were injured. The accident was caused by the failure to connect the brake pipe between the locomotive and its train.
Preservation