Russophilia
Russophilia is admiration and fondness of Russia, Russian history and Russian culture. The antonym and opposite of Russophilia is Russophobia.
Russophilia in Europe
American author Robert Alexander wrote: "I love Russians for their dramatic, emotional nature. They're not afraid to love, not afraid to get hurt, not afraid to exaggerate or act impulsively."In October 2004, the International Gallup Organization announced the results of its poll, according to which approximately 20% of the residents of Western Europe viewed Russia positively, with the most positive view coming from Iceland, Germany, Greece, and Britain. The percentage of respondents expressing a positive attitude towards Russia was 9% in Finland, Turkey, and Japan, 38% in Lithuania, 36% in Latvia, and 34% in Estonia. Estonia and especially Latvia have a large number of ethnic Russians, which likely affected the result.
Russophilia in Serbia and Montenegro
Russophilia in Serbia
Russia is hugely popular in Serbia, and Serbs have always traditionally seen Russia as a close ally due to shared Slavic culture and Orthodox faith. In Serbia and Montenegro, whose nations are both predominately Eastern Orthodox, the faith expressed by a vast majority of Russians, there was no Soviet influence and Russians were always seen as friendly brotherly people. About 83% of Serbs see Russia as their first ally on the international scene. In both Serbia and Montenegro, there are neighbourhoods, streets, buildings and statues named after something Russian. In Serbia there is the Russian Centre of Science and Culture and a Hotel Moskva.Russophilia in Montenegro
Montenegro is also an Eastern Orthodox and Slavic country. There is the Moscow Bridge in Podgorica, and a statue of Russian singer and actor Vladimir Vysotsky next to the bridge.Russophilia in Ukraine
Following Ukrainian independence in 1991 Ukrainians, mostly in the east and south of the country, voted to a see a more Russophile attitude of the government, ranging from closer economic partnership to full national union. Since the 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine the overall attitude of Ukrainians towards Russia and Russians has become much more negative.Western Ukraine
Russophilia was a linguistic, literary and socio-political movement in the Western Ukrainian territories of Galicia, Transcarpathia, and Bukovyna in the 18th – 20th centuries. Proponents of this movement believed in linguistic, cultural, social union with Russian people and later in state union with Russia. Among the causes for the emergence of this phenomenon were the absence of Ukrainian statehood, centuries of foreign oppression, fragmented Ukrainian territories and dispersed population, as well as the defection of national elite to neighbouring cultures and a weak sense of national identity.Russophile Movement in Transcarpathia
The first instances of Russophilia in Transcarpathia date back as far as late 18th early 19th centuries when several famous Russians with ties to the government and the court of the tsar settled there. Such famous scientists and social activists as I. Orlai, M. Baludiansky, P. Lodiy and others lived in Transcarpathia and maintained close ties with the country of their birth and thereby promoted interest towards Russia, especially towards its cultural life, its language and literature.Russophile Movement in Galicia and Bukovyna
When Galicia and Bukovyna were incorporated into the Habsburg Empire in 1772 the Austrian government treated the Ukrainian population of these territories with suspicion as it was afraid it was susceptible to Russian influence due to the closeness of Ukrainian and Russian languages and cultures. This mistrust of the authorities was cultivated by influential Polish politicians and activists in an effort to forestall the growth of national consciousness on territories where Poles traditionally had influence. Any attempt at cultural revival was met with hostility from the Austrian government which regarded them as an influence from Moscow. In spite of this atmosphere of mistrust and suspicion the first educational establishment "The Fellowship of Priests" was founded in Przemyśl. Metropolitan M. Levytsky began to introduce the Ruthenian language in elementary schools, developed grammar books, insisted on instruction in University in Ruthenian and founded "Ruska Troyka" Society. The Lemko-Rusyn Republic, after World War I, attempted to join Lemko territories to Russia, and later to similar areas of the newly formed Czechoslovakia.Notable Russophiles
- Miodrag Božović, Montenegrin football coach.
- Tim Key, comedian and poet.
- Marine Le Pen, French populist politician
- Matteo Salvini, Leader of Lega Nord
- Duško Vujošević, Montenegrin basketball coach.
- Sumire Uesaka, Japanese voice actress and singer.
Pro-Russian political parties
- Alliance of Independent Social Democrats
- Alliance of Patriots of Georgia
- Alternative for Germany
- National Democratic Party of Germany
- Bulgarian Socialist Party
- Attack, Bulgaria
- Communist Party of Cuba
- Five Star Movement
- Lega
- CasaPound Italy
- New Force
- Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia
- Communist Party of Slovakia
- Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania – Christian Families Alliance
- Freedom Party of Austria
- Jobbik
- Kotleba – People's Party Our Slovakia
- Labour Party
- Latvian Russian Union
- National Rally
- Turkish Patriotic Party
- Party of Socialists
- Renewal
- Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine
- Prosperous Armenia
- Serbian Progressive Party
- Serbian Radical Party
- Republican Party of Labour and Justice
- Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus
- Social Democratic Party "Harmony"
- Social Democratic Party
- Confederation Liberty and Independence
- Greek Solution
- Golden Dawn
- Syrian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
- United Socialist Party of Venezuela
- Caps
- Hetmans' Party
- Russian Party