Rudolf Hickel is a Germaneconomist and author. He transferred to the University of Bremen in 1971, accepting the chair in "Finanzwissenschaft" in 1993. Between 2001 and 2009 he served as director of the university's Institute for Labour and Economics. A long standing critic of developments in westernMarket Capitalism since the 1980s, he has engaged powerfully in the economic debates emerging during the aftermath of the 2007/2008 Financial crisis.
Biography
Provenance and early years
Rudolf Hickel was born into a Catholic family in Nuremberg at the height of the Second World War. He shares his name with his father, who was the concertmaster with the Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra. Hickel grew up in Bad Wildbad, a little town in south-west Germany which after 1945 became part of the French occupation zone and then, in May 1949, of the German Federal Republic. He attended middle school locally. He still keeps, in a case of memorabilia, the quarter-sized violin he used for his violin lessons when he was small, even though he was not permitted to play the instrument at home: "... wrong notes put my father in a white sweat". He attended school at the business oriented secondary school in nearby Pforzheim, and it was here that he passed his "Abitur", opening the way for progression to university-level education. A Catholic upbringing left him critical of the pope on many fronts, but he would always be grateful that the church financed his studies with a scholarship. Otherwise, as he told an interviewer in 2011, "at home there was no money".
Student years
Rainer Hickel, his younger brother, would build a career as a professional musician, but it seems to have been accepted by the time he left school that Rudolf Hickel would follow another path. Between 1962 and 1967 he studied Economics on a Cusanuswerk stipendium at the University of Tübingen, from which he earned a "Dipl. Volkswirt" degree in Applied Economics. He remained at Tübingen as a research assistant for a further two years, with a focus on Economic Theory. That was followed by a period as a research assistant at the newly inaugurated University of Konstanz during 1969/70, where he was involved in building up the Economics department. It was from the University of Konstanz that in 1970 he received his doctorate in return for a topical piece of work entitled "Ein neuer Typ der Akkumulation".
Shortly after that Hickel accepted a professorship in "Politische Ökonomie" at the University of Bremen, relocating north in 1971. His focus was on :de:Öffentliche Finanzen|public finances. The university at Bremen, like that at Konstanz, was newly established: Rudolf Hickel has played a key role in establishing and building up the Economics department. In 1973 he accepted a professorship in Public finance. In 1975 he was a co-founder and became a member of the new :de:Arbeitsgruppe Alternative Wirtschaftspolitik|West German "Working Group for Alternative Economic Policy". The working group submits annual alternative reports to the so-called West German Council of Economic Experts. It is in this connection that Hickel served for many years as a co-producer of the counter-opinion memorandum to the Council of Experts during the first week of each May. In 1993 he accepted the teaching chair in Finance at the University of Bremen. That year he also accepted an appointment as mediator on behalf of the union side in the Metal workers'wage negotiations in Saxony. Between November 2001 and September 2009 Rudolf Hickel served as director of the university Institute for Labour and Economics. He was succeeded in the post by Günter Warsewa.
Beyond Bremen
In 1989 Hickel became co-producer of the political-economic monthly Berlin-produced magazine :de:Leviathan – Berliner Zeitschrift für Sozialwissenschaft|Leviathan and of :de:Blätter für deutsche und internationale Politik|Blätter für deutsche und internationale Politik. His submissions continue to appear frequently in the latter. During the summer term of 1990 he delivered a lecture series at Berlin University on the theme of "Market Functions and Market Failures - Underpinnings of a Mixed Economy", which set the course for much of his subsequent output. In 1990 Hickel teamed up with :de:Heiner Heseler|Heiner Heseler to publish an important written opinion-piece under the title "Der maritime Sektor im Umbruch: wirtschaftsstrukturelle und beschäftigungspolitische Vorschläge für Rostock", co-authored with Jan Priewe. Since 1997 Hickel has taken turns with Robert Kurz, Christa Luft and :de:Harry Nick|Harry Nick as the author of a challenging and respected column on economic policy in Neues Deutschland, which before 1989 was the mass circulation party newspaper of East Germany'sruling party, and has since carved itself a role across Germany as an important left-leaning daily newspaper. He also continues to contribute robustly and regularly in the Frankfurter Rundschau, Junge Welt and Tageszeitung. Hickel is a member of the economics advisory committee at ATTAC, an international activist organisation opposed to abusive aspects of globalization. His sat as a member of the supervisory board at Salzgitter AG, a major steel producer, between 1984 and 2008, and also for many years at :de:GEWOBA|GEWOBA, a north German construction business headquartered in Bremen and specialising in residential tower blocks. In both cases he sat as a representative of the company employees. Hickel was also on the supervisory board at the vast Allianz insurance and banking conglomerate between 1998 and 2006, a period that included the conversion of the Allianz holding company into a pan-European "Societas Europaea".
Approach
Hickel favours a :de:Nachfragepolitik|demand driven approach to economic policy and is regarded by commentators as a Post-Keynesian. During long years of political argument on the matter, he was a firm supporter of a state-mandated minimum wage, asserting that Germany has an "internationally competitive economy, which can support a high level of wages because of its growing productivity". The labour market reforms launched in 2003 by Chancellor Schröder and carried through by his successor, known collectively as Agenda 2010, seriously held back the cyclical economic recovery that took place between 2005 and 2007, because they placed downward pressure on wages which in turn reduced consumption. It is, according to Hickel, wrong to hold back wages and thereby domestic demand: a competitive cycle of wage cuts would be economically very damaging to Germany. It would be preferable for the country to focus on innovation in order to survive in a competitive global economy. Furthermore, government to pursue a supply oriented economic strategy would favour a :de:Kasino-Kapitalismus |"casino capitalism" and so hinder the creation of high productivity high value jobs in the country.
Critics
Some were unpersuaded by Hickel's advocacy of a :de:Nachfragepolitik|demand driven approach. Critical supply-side economists included the liberalHans-Werner Sinn, who sharply attacked Hickel's backing of a cut on working hours with no corresponding cut in wages. Sinn also rejected Hickel's assertion that Germany's stubbornly high unemployment was simply a business cycle problem that could be resolved through increased public spending.
Celebration
In 2017 Rudolf Hickel was honoured by the senate with the :de:Senatsmedaille für Kunst und Wissenschaft der Freien Hansestadt Bremen|Medal for Arts and Humanities of the Bremen |Free Hanseatic City .
