Born in Pennsylvania as the second son of David Todd and Hannah Owen, he lived with relatives in Virginia as a child and attended the school of his uncle Parson John Todd. He studied law, reportedly in the office of General Andrew Lewis, before moving to Kentucky in the spring of 1776. He was one of the founders of Lexington, Kentucky and soon became involved in local politics and public affairs in the Fayette County area. On December 29, he was seriously wounded defending McClelland's Station against the Mingo chieftain Pluggy. He continued to be involved in defending the Kentucky frontier participated in expeditions with General Charles Scott. After the death of his brother John at the Battle of Blue Licks, Robert Todd was elected to succeed his brother as trustee of Lexington on December 12, 1782. He was also assigned by the council to survey the town. His reputation as an experienced and formidable Indian fighter led him to join General Anthony Wayne who he served as a captain during the Illinois campaign. In 1787, acting on information by local Shawanese, he launched a preemptive strike against a Cherokee raiding party at Paint Lick killing three warriors and taking seven others prisoner. These men would escape the following day, however. In his later years, Todd became a distinguished statesman in Kentucky serving as a delegate for Kentucky County to the Virginia legislature and at least one of the conventions to draft a state constitution. He was also one of the commissioners selected to divide the land in Clark's Grant among the veterans of the Battle of Kaskaskia and Vincennes and later one of the original trustees of Clarksville, Virginia. In 1792, following Kentucky's admission into the United States, Todd represented Fayette County in the first Kentucky senate, and served as a circuit judge for a number of years. He was again selected as one of three commissioners to choose a location of the new state capital. When the vote was tied between Frankfort and Lexington, he chose in favor of Frankfort as opposed to his hometown. As he possessed roughly near the settlement, he did not want his vote "to be governed by selfish considerations". By the time of the Northwest Indian War, he was part of a contingent of mounted volunteers from Lexington and Fayette County which included General James Wilkinson and Thomas Lewis. In June 1792, he was appointed a brigadier general under Wayne and participated in the Battle of Fallen Timbers commanding the 3rd Kentucky Mounted Volunteers. He kept a personal diary of his experiences in the Indian campaigns, however, it remains unpublished. He died at the home of his son, Dr. John Todd, in Lexington in March 1814 or in 1820. Of his six children, his youngest son Thomas J. Todd was a member of the Indiana General Assembly representing Marion County in the Senate from 1843 to 1846. His daughter Eliza was the wife of General William O. Butler.
