Republican Democratic Concentration

• the Movement of Republican Democracy, born on the initiative of Ferruccio Parri and Ugo La Malfa, who had left the Action Party during the first national congress held in February 1946. The movement also joined Oronzo Reale, Bruno Visentini and, initially, Altiero Spinelli;
• the Progressive Liberal Movement, founded following the split, within the Italian Liberal Party, of the left faction against the creation of the National Democratic Union.