Reginald Kell


Reginald Clifford Kell was an English clarinettist. He was noted especially for his career as a soloist and chamber music player. He was the principal clarinettist in leading British orchestras, including the London Philharmonic, Philharmonia, and Royal Philharmonic, and was also active as a solo recording artist.
Kell was influential as one of the first clarinettists to employ continuous vibrato to enhance the expressive quality of the instrument. He was also a noted teacher, serving two different appointments at his alma mater, the Royal Academy of Music in London. In 1948 Kell moved to the United States where he pursued a solo career and taught, with pupils including the jazz clarinettist Benny Goodman.

Career

Early years

Born in York, England, Kell was awarded a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Music in London in 1929, where he studied with Haydn Draper until 1932. While still a student he was engaged as principal clarinettist of the orchestra of the Royal Philharmonic Society. After graduation he was Sir Thomas Beecham's choice as first clarinet for the London Philharmonic when the orchestra was formed in 1932. He left the LPO in 1936 and was succeeded as first clarinet by Bernard Walton. Kell was Arturo Toscanini's principal clarinettist in the Lucerne Festival Orchestra in 1939, and was invited, but declined, to take the same position in Toscanini's NBC Symphony Orchestra.
In addition to his orchestral work Kell taught at the Royal Academy between 1935 and 1939, and played in chamber music. His solo repertoire extended from Corelli and earlier to twentieth century works. He was the first prominent clarinettist to apply vibrato consciously and consistently to his tone, in which respect he modelled himself on the oboist Léon Goossens. Inspired by the great singers with whom he came in contact, notably Kirsten Flagstad, Kell sought to emulate their warm expressive sounds on the clarinet.
During the Second World War Kell was principal clarinettist of the Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra, at a time when its members included many of the country's leading players. When Walter Legge founded the Philharmonia Orchestra in 1945 Kell became its principal clarinettist. At its first concert, conducted by Beecham, Kell was the soloist in Mozart's Clarinet Concerto. The following year Beecham founded the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and as the Philharmonia in its early days played few concerts, working mostly in the recording studio, Kell was able to serve as principal in both orchestras, as did the horn player Dennis Brain. In 1948 Kell gave up both positions; he was succeeded at the Philharmonia by Walton, and at the Royal Philharmonic by Brymer.

Later years

Kell moved to the United States in 1948, making a successful concert and recording career. He was also a noted teacher, his best-known pupil being Benny Goodman, who approached him for lessons in 1948–49. Kell initially refused, considering that any necessary changes would initially have an adverse effect on Goodman's playing before improving it; he did not want the American public to view him as "the man who ruined our Benny Goodman." Goodman persisted and Kell accepted him as a student in 1952 and taught him until his return to England. Kell's other pupils included the soloist and conductor Alan Hacker, and Peanuts Hucko. From 1951 to 1957, Kell was trustee and professor at the Aspen Music School in Colorado.
Kell returned to England in 1958, taking up an appointment at the Royal Academy of Music. Among his pupils was Harrison Birtwistle. Kell retired from playing in his early fifties, and returned to the US in 1959, where he was director of Boosey & Hawkes's band instrument division from 1959 to 1966. He retired in 1966 and died in Frankfort, Kentucky, in 1981.
In 2007, the Deutsche Grammophon label issued a multi-CD box set of all of Kell's recordings for the American Decca company.

Discography

As a conductor Kell directed recordings of the two Mozart wind serenades, in C minor, K.388 and E major, with the "Kell Chamber Players". The following table lists some of his recordings as a soloist.
ComposerTitleOther playersDate and Cat No|
BartókContrastsMelvin Ritter, violin, Joel Rosen, piano1953, DL 9740
BeethovenTrio for Piano, Clarinet and Violoncello in B major, Op. 11 Frank Miller, cello, Mieczyslaw Horszowski, piano1950, DL 9543
BenjaminJamaican RumbaBrooks Smith, piano1957, DL 9926
BrahmsClarinet Quintet in B minor, Op. 115Busch Quartet1938, DB 8471-4
BrahmsClarinet Quintet in B minor, Op. 115Fine Arts Quartet1951, DL 9532
BrahmsSonata for Clarinet and Piano in F minor, Op. 120 No.1Joel Rosen, piano1953, DL 9639
BrahmsSonata for Clarinet and Piano in E major, Op. 120 No.2Joel Rosen, piano1953, DL 9639
BrahmsTrio for Clarinet, Cello and Piano in A minor, Op. 114Frank Miller, cello, Mieczyslaw Horszowski, piano1950, DL 9732 / 7524
CorelliGiga Brooks Smith, piano1957, DL 9926
DebussyPremière rhapsodie for Clarinet and PianoJoel Rosen, piano1951, DL 9570
DebussyPetite PieceBrooks Smith, piano1957, DL 9926
DebussyLa plus que lente Salvatore Camarata and his Orchestra1953, DL 7550
DebussyLa fille aux cheveux de lin Salvatore Camarata and his Orchestra1953, DL 7550
DebussyRêverie Salvatore Camarata and his Orchestra1953, DL 7550
DebussyLe petit berger Salvatore Camarata and his Orchestra1953, DL 7550
GodardBerceuse Brooks Smith, piano1957, DL 9926
HandelSiciliana and Gigue Brooks Smith, piano1957, DL 9926
HandelAdagio Brooks Smith, piano1957, DL 9926
HandelAllegro Brooks Smith, piano1957, DL 9926
HindemithSonata for Clarinet and Piano in BJoel Rosen, piano1951, DL 9570
KreislerRondino uber ein Thema von BeethovenBrooks Smith, piano1957, DL 9926
KreislerCaprice Viennois Op. 2Salvatore Camarata and his Orchestra1953, DL 4077
KreislerLiebesleidSalvatore Camarata and his Orchestra1953, DL 4077
KreislerLiebesfreudSalvatore Camarata and his Orchestra1953, DL 4077
KreislerStars in My EyesSalvatore Camarata and his Orchestra1953, DL 4077
KreislerSchön RosmarinSalvatore Camarata and his Orchestra1953, DL 4077
MilhaudSuite Op. 157bMelvin Ritter, violin, Joel Rosen, piano1953, DL 9740
MourantEcstasySalvatore Camarata and his Orchestra1953, DL 7550
MourantThe Pied PiperSalvatore Camarata and his Orchestra1953, DL 7550
MourantBlue HazeSalvatore Camarata and his Orchestra1953, DL 7550
MozartClarinet Concerto in A major, K.622Zimbler Sinfonietta1950, DL 7500
MozartQuintet for Clarinet and String Quartet in A major, K.581Fine Arts Quartet1951, DL 9600
MozartTrio for Piano, Clarinet and Viola in E major, K.498 "Kegelstatt" TrioLillian Fuchs, viola, Mieczyslaw Horszowski, piano1950, DL 9543
Porter-BrownDance of the Three Old MaidsSalvatore Camarata and his Orchestra-
RavelPiece en forme de habaneraBrooks Smith, piano1957, DL 9926
RichardsonRoundelayBrooks Smith, piano1957, DL 9926
Saint-SaënsSonata for Clarinet and Piano in E major, Op. 167Brooks Smith, piano1957, DL 9941
SchumannFantasiestücke, Op. 73Joel Rosen, piano1953, DL 9744
StravinskyThree Pieces for Solo Clarinet1951, DL 9570
SzalowskiSonatina for Clarinet and PianoBrooks Smith, piano1957, DL 9941
TempletonPocket-size Sonata No.1 for Clarinet and PianoBrooks Smith, piano1957, DL 9941
Vaughan WilliamsSix Studies in English FolksongBrooks Smith, piano1957, DL 9941
WeberGrand Duo concertant in E major, Op. 48Joel Rosen, piano1953, DL 9744