Rauzy fractal


In mathematics, the Rauzy fractal is a fractal set associated with the Tribonacci substitution
It was studied in 1981 by Gérard Rauzy, with the idea of generalizing the dynamic properties of the Fibonacci morphism.
That fractal set can be generalized to other maps over a 3-letter alphabet, generating other fractal sets with interesting properties, such as periodic tiling of the plane and self-similarity in three homothetic parts.

Definitions

Tribonacci word

The infinite tribonacci word is a word constructed by iteratively applying the Tribonacci or Rauzy map :,,. It is an example of a morphic word.
Starting from 1, the Tribonacci words are:
We can show that, for, ; hence the name "Tribonacci".

Fractal construction

Consider, now, the space with cartesian coordinates.
The Rauzy fractal is constructed this way:
1) Interpret the sequence of letters of the infinite Tribonacci word as a sequence of unitary vectors of the space, with the following rules.
2) Then, build a "stair" by tracing the points reached by this sequence of vectors. For example, the first points are:
etc...Every point can be colored according to the corresponding letter, to stress the self-similarity property.
3) Then, project those points on the contracting plane.

Properties

For any unimodular substitution of Pisot type, which verifies a coincidence condition, one can construct a similar set called "Rauzy fractal of the map". They all display self-similarity and generate, for the examples below, a periodic tiling of the plane.