Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangapatna
The Ranganthaswamy temple in Srirangapatna, in the Mandya district of Karnataka state, India, is dedicated to the Hindu god Ranganatha. It is one of the five important pilgrimage sites of Sri Vaishnavism along the river Kaveri for devotees of Ranganatha. These five sacred sites are together known as Pancharanga Kshetrams in Southern India. Since Srirangapatna is the first temple starting from upstream, the deity is known as Adi Ranga. The town of Srirangapatna, which derives its name from the temple, is located on an island in the river Kaveri.
History
According to the Archaeological Survey of India, the temple is one of considerable antiquity. An inscription at the temple reveals it was first consecrated in 984 A.D. by a local chief called Tirumalaiah, a vassal of the Western Ganga dynasty. In the early 12th century, Hoysala King Vishnuvardhana granted the village of Srirangapatna to the Vaishnava saint Ramanujacharya as an agraharam. An inscription of the great Hoysala King Veera Ballala II confirms that additions and renovations were made to the temple at that time. The tower over the entrance bears features consistent with Vijayanagara architecture. According to historian George Michell, contributions were also made by the Wodeyar kings of the Kingdom of Mysore. The temple is protected by the Archaeological Survey of India as a monument of national importance. According to historian K.V. Soundararajan, the Rangantha temples in South India built during the 9th and 10th centuries have a systematic arrangement of subsidiary deities as seen in this temple along with the Appakkudathaan Perumal Temple at Koviladi, Sowmya Narayana Perumal temple at Thirukoshtiyur, Veeraraghava Perumal Temple at Thiruevvul and Rajagopalaswamy temple at Mannargudi.Temple plan
The temple has an imposing tower over the entrance gate and two large concentric rectangular enclosures around its perimeter. The entrance to the inner sanctum is through multiple columned halls. A vestibule, hall and a front hall are the other main structures in the temple. The roof of the mukhamantapa is decorated with a "garland" of miniature decorative towers whose niches contain stucco images of the god Vishnu.In the sanctum, the image of Vishnu reclines on the coils of the snake Adisesha, under a canopy formed by the snake's seven hoods, with his consort Lakshmi at his feet. Flanking Vishnu are other deities from the Hindu pantheon; Sridevi, Bhudevi and Brahma. There are other smaller shrines within the complex dedicated to Narasimha, Gopalakrishna, Srinivasa, Hanuman, Garuda and the Alwar saints.
The five sacred sites
The following temples are considered the five sacred sites of worship of the god Ranganatha and are together called Pancharanga Kshetram.| Temple | Location |
| Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple | Srirangapatna |
| Sri Ranganatha Swamy Temple | Srirangam |
| Sarangapani Temple | Kumbakonam |
| Sri Appakkudathan Temple | Trichy |
| Parimala Ranganatha Perumal Temple | Indalur, Mayiladuthurai |
| Ranganatha Temple, Nellore | Nellore |