Pyongan dialect


The Pyong'an dialect, alternatively Northwestern Korean, is the Korean dialect of the northwestern Korean peninsula and neighboring parts of China. It has influenced the standard Korean of North Korea, but is not the primary influence of North Korea's standard Korean.

Pronunciation

Vowels

In the Pyongan dialect an eight vowel system is used. The sound of 어 is much closer to that of 오 compared to other dialects as it is , the rounded equivalent to South Korean . 으 is also closer to than to , e.g. 그렇다 becomes 기렇다. However, the opposite is true after ㅅ. The palatalization that occurred for other dialects with 시 is absent in the Pyongan dialect, e.g. 싫다 becomes 슳다. There are various features that differentiate the sound of words from southwestern and midland dialects. 위, 왜, 워 and 와 are closer to an original sound of 야, 여, 요 and 유.

Palatalization

The ㄷ consonant, in addition to the first syllable of ㄱ and ㅎ are not palatalized in the Pyongan dialect. Sino-Korean words beginning with ㄴ in southern dialects are pronounced as ㄹ, as in the cases of 뉴행 and 노동.

Conjugation

Stems of the ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅅ irregulars use both forms, such as in the case of 듣다·드드니, 들으니 .

Words

Particles

Vocabulary

Various words used in the Pyongan dialect differ to that of other Korean dialects, such as 간나, 클마니 and 클마니. The etymology of words such as "우틔" arises from the Manchu language, but has been removed by the North Korean government in order to promote language purity.