Pro Stock
Pro Stock is a class of drag racing featuring "factory hot rods". The class is often described as "all motor", due to the cars not using any form of forced induction such as turbocharging or supercharging, or other enhancements, like nitrous oxide, along with regulations governing the modifications allowed to the engines and the types of bodies used.
History
The National Hot Rod Association Pro Stock class emerged from the production-based Super Stock in 1970 with a more liberal set of rules and an absence of handicaps. Rules initially favored big block V8s with Chrysler Hemi engine powered cars winning the World title the first two years. The NHRA attempted to balance the playing field for 1972 and introduced rules allowing for small cubic inch V8, compact cars carrying favorable weight.On 1 July 1973, NHRA finally required Pro Stock drivers to have competition licences, just like blown or fuel dragsters and funny cars.
Following a 1973 NHRA rule change to allow records to be set at any national meet, at the 1973 NHRA Winternationals, "Dyno Don" Nicholson set the first official Pro Stock e.t. record with a 9.33, while Bill Jenkins turned in a record speed; later at the same event, Nicholson made a 9.01 second/ pass, breaking both his and Jenkins' records.
Over the 1974 and 1975 seasons, Bob Glidden became the first driver to win two Pro Stock championships.
In 1982, the NHRA did away with the weight break system and implemented a 2,350 pound minimum weight, 500 cubic inch maximum rule across the board, due to the popularity of the Mountain Motor IHRA Pro Stock cars, which have unlimited displacement.
Lee Shepherd won the second of four championships in a row in 1983, the year he also won IHRA's title, making him the first driver ever to do so; he repeated the feat in 1984.
In 2016, the NHRA implemented a major overhaul to the engine formula. Hood scoops and double four-barrel carburetors were eliminated and replaced by electronic fuel injection, an overhaul designed to reflect on modern automotive trends, as all automobiles being produced for sale in North America have used electronic fuel injection for over 20 years.
Pro Stock today
Engine
- Except in the NHRA 500ci formula, the engine must be manufactured by the same company as the car body.
- All raw components must available to anyone for general public purchase. Engine blocks and cylinder heads are often provided in a "raw" condition with only approximate dimensions and rough machining. Each team will continue to machine and modify the part to their own standards.
- NHRA Pro Stock engines are restricted to a maximum single-camshaft, 90-degree V8.
- *Several bodies have different rules. "Mountain Motors," run by the PDRA and at selected NHRA events in 2019, do not have a 500-cubic inch rule, with some engines exceeding, to upwards of.
- *The Australian National Drag Racing Association and IHRA have a maximum displacement engine limit.
- Depending on sanctioning body and class, engines may either be four-barrel carburetors or throttle body electronic fuel injection and must be a naturally aspirated intake system.
- *Those that use two four-barrel carburetors may allow them to be "split" so that each of the halves can be more accurately positioned over the slightly staggered intake runners. The intake manifold and heads are open to modification. The most effective intake manifold configuration has continued to be the "tunnel ram" for nearly 40 years. The carburetors are raised above the engine; the length and configuration of the intake passages is critical to horsepower output. The tall intake manifolds necessitate the large hood scoop that is a signature of the Pro Stock class.
- *The NHRA formula requires, and the PDRA Extreme Pro Stock permits, cars to use electronically-controlled throttle body fuel injection systems.
- *In the NHRA, an electronic control unit will be implemented on the EFI systems, including a 10,500 RPM limit, with modern engines approaching 12,000 RPM.
Modern Pro Stock engines generally produce around 2.5 hp/in³, and make upwards of 1,500+hp while being naturally aspirated.
A complete NHRA Pro Stock engine can cost upwards of $100,000.
Drivetrain
- Pro Stock clutches utilize multiple discs. These must be serviced after every run to maintain critical tolerances that can mean the difference between a good run or severe tire shake.
- Since 1973, the most popular transmission was the Lenco planetary design, first used as a four-speed and now as a five-speed. Although the five-speed unit is still used in ADRL and Mountain Motor Pro Stock Association and in Air-Shifted three-speed units in Pro Modified, NHRA Pro Stocks utilize a Liberty or G-Force five-speed clutchless manual transmission.
Body
- NHRA Pro Stock racers use NHRA approved carbon fiber bodies. Windows are manufactured from polycarbonate.
- Some have complained that the "Stock" portion of "Pro Stock" is not really all that accurate anymore, because so little, if any, of the race cars' bodies having their origins in the respective manufacturers' factories.
Chassis
- Pro Stock chassis are welded 4130 chrome-molybdenum alloy steel tubing, with an integrated "funny-car style" cage around the driver that, combined with the safety restraints and helmet produce a very rigid and safe driving environment that was brought upon after a violent rollover crash suffered by Bob Glidden during the 1986 Commerce, GA round.
Suspension
- Pro Stock cars are required to use automotive-type suspension systems.
- Since the 1970s, front suspensions have utilized MacPherson struts with control arms; for rear suspensions, the design of choice is a four-link suspension with coil over shock absorbers connected to a fixed rear axle.
- Both the front and rear shock absorbers can be adjusted automatically during the run by air circuits that are controlled by an electronic control unit.
Brakes
- The primary means of slowing the cars from their top speeds of around 213 mph are the drogue parachutes. As cars have exceeded the 200 MPH barrier, two parachutes are required as NHRA mandates twin parachutes when speeds exceed that.
- The chutes utilize either springs or compressed air launchers to get the chutes into the air as fast as possible and to avoid the dead air behind the car.
- Four-wheel disc brakes made by aftermarket manufacturers are also used.
- The brakes have single calipers on the front and double calipers on the rear with carbon fiber rotors.
Fuel
- The factory hot rods may use only racing fuel, which is tested and certified by chemical analysis at events with the sanctioning body's approval.
- * Some organisations will mandate a specification fuel. The NHRA will mandate a specification Sunoco racing fuel, but it is unknown if the specification fuel will be unleaded racing fuels as they are in other classes of motorsport where they are official fuel, or allow alcohol in the official NHRA fuel.
- Pro Stock fuel systems flow the gasoline at 7.5 US gallons per minute.
- Weigh a minimum of, including driver
- In NHRA competition, the cars must be produced within the last five model years. In the late 1980s and into the 1990s, car sizes increased as mid-size family sedans had become the car of choice, but cars shrank by the 2000s as compact cars, banking off the popularity then of the sport compact class, became the trend, as General Motors and Daimler began using compact cars. However, that the push back to pony cars and mid-size family sedans became the choice again, as Ford uses a "pony car" and Dodge and Chevrolet began using mid-size family sedans. The 2013 legal cars are the Chevrolet Camaro, Dodge Avenger, and Ford Mustang. For 2014, Fiat teams are transitioning to the Dodge Dart.
- Rear spoilers cannot be longer than, measured from the body-line-to-spoiler transition point to the tip.
- Complete stock headlights, parking lights and taillights must be retained in the original factory location.
Mountain Motor cars, because of their massive 800+ cubic inch mountain motors, dip into the 6.30s at almost. At the 2019 NHRA Houston Raceway Park race, where the Mountain Motor formula replaced the NHRA formula, the fastest car reached 6.233 seconds.
NHRA Pro Stock Champions (1970–present)
- 1970 - Ronnie Sox
- 1971 - Mike Fons
- 1972 - Bill Jenkins
- 1973 - Wayne Gapp
- 1974 - Bob Glidden
- 1975 - Bob Glidden
- 1976 - Larry Lombardo
- 1977 - Don Nicholson
- 1978 - Bob Glidden
- 1979 - Bob Glidden
- 1980 - Bob Glidden
- 1981 - Lee Shepherd
- 1982 - Lee Shepherd
- 1983 - Lee Shepherd
- 1984 - Lee Shepherd
- 1985 - Bob Glidden
- 1986 - Bob Glidden
- 1987 - Bob Glidden
- 1988 - Bob Glidden
- 1989 - Bob Glidden
- 1990 - Darrell Alderman
- 1991 - Darrell Alderman
- 1992 - Warren Johnson
- 1993 - Warren Johnson
- 1994 - Darrell Alderman
- 1995 - Warren Johnson
- 1996 - Jim Yates
- 1997 - Jim Yates
- 1998 - Warren Johnson
- 1999 - Warren Johnson
- 2000 - Jeg Coughlin, Jr.
- 2001 - Warren Johnson
- 2002 - Jeg Coughlin
- 2003 - Greg Anderson
- 2004 - Greg Anderson
- 2005 - Greg Anderson
- 2006 - Jason Line
- 2007 - Jeg Coughlin
- 2008 - Jeg Coughlin
- 2009 - Mike Edwards
- 2010 - Greg Anderson
- 2011 - Jason Line
- 2012 - Allen Johnson
- 2013 - Jeg Coughlin
- 2014 - Erica Enders-Stevens
- 2015 - Erica Enders-Stevens
- 2016 - Jason Line
- 2017 - Bo Butner
- 2018 - Tanner Gray
- 2019 - Erica Enders-Stevens