There are three separate units of the wilderness, separated by vehicle corridors, with elevations from to. The landscape is characterized by steep mountains, narrow canyons, sloping alluvial fans and level floodplains. It includes a subrange of the Inyo Mountains called the Chocolate Mountains, a northwestern section of the Last Chance Range and the upper end of Eureka Valley which is immediately north of Death Valley National Park. The highest peaks of the wilderness are in the Chocolate Mountains and include Mount Nunn and Lime Hill. The wilderness's namesake Piper Mountain rises to an elevation of.
Topography
The vehicle corridors that break the continuity of the Piper Wilderness Area into three parts were a concession made when the area was added to the California Desert Protection Act.
The western section is the largest of the three and includes the east side, the steep west side and the crest of the Chocolate Mountains subrange.
The third and smallest section of the wilderness is separated from the central portion by Loretto Mine Road and Horse Thief Canyon and is a continuation of the Last Chance subrange with its border being the Eureka Valley Road and Death Valley National Park.
Recreational opportunities are day-hiking and backpacking with solitude almost guaranteed as the wilderness is very lightly used. The Bureau of Land Management oversees the Piper Wilderness and does not require any permits for visitors. Because the received federal protection so recently, the of trail are actually closed four-wheel drive roads.
Water and recreation
Water is the single most limiting factor when exploring this desert wilderness. Caching water is possible in many locations because of the road corridors through the area. The majority of visitors are students from Deep Springs College in Deep Springs Valley, located between highway 168 and the western edge of the wilderness. Most often hiked is the deep notch of the Soldier Pass Canyon which extends east to west in the Chocolate Mountains. Maps dating to 1879 show a "Soldier Pass" label. The eastern face of the Chocolate Mountains rise above the canyon mouth with the canyon narrowing as it rises in elevation. The broad saddle of Soldier Pass is gained after and is at an elevation of. The Bureau of Land Management encourages the practice of Leave No Trace principles of wilderness travel to help protect the fragile desert environment.