Philip of Cognac was an illegitimate son of Richard the Lionheart, King of England, by an unidentified mother. Philip had reached adulthood by the end of the 1190s. His father married him to his ward, Amelia, the heiress of Cognac, France, in Charente. However, when she died without issue, Richard kept the castle, and handed it over to his seneschal, Robert of Thornham. The king was mortally wounded during the suppression of a revolt by Viscount Aimar V of Limoges in 1199, and died without legitimate heirs. The chronicler Roger of Howden claimed that later that same year, No other source corroborates this, or explicitly indicates that Aimar of Limoges's death was a violent one. However, Guiraut de Bornelh's planh for him, Planc e sospir, does suggest his death was unexpected. A further reference to Philip is found in the Pipe Rolls for 1201 of his uncle, John, King of England: "Et Philippo f. R. Ricardi 1 m. de dono R.". A passage in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle briefly mentions Philip's death in 1230, although it is unknown whether or not he actually died that year. It seems likely that he died early in the 13th century, although it may be that he acquired a new territorial designation, perhaps through re-marriage, which has blurred the trail of documentary evidence.
Philip in fiction, drama and film
The sparsely-documented historical Philip of Cognac has been developed in literature. William Shakespeare depicted him as Philip the Bastard in his play, The Life and Death of King John. In this, he is the son of Lady Faulconbridge, widow of Sir Robert Faulconbridge, and learns of his true paternity in the first scene: However, as mentioned above, nothing is known of the real Philip's mother. Shakespeare's character is essentially a fictional creation, who shares only a name and a father with his historical counterpart. Another highly fictionalised version of Philip, played by Stephen Moyer, figures as the romantic hero of Princess of Thieves, a made-for-TV Disney adventure for young viewers, in which Keira Knightley plays Gwyn, the daughter of Robin Hood. This follows the tradition, begun by John Mair and popularised by Walter Scott, of assigning the Hood legends to Richard's reign. In this, Robin Hood, his daughter and the outlaws help Philip win the throne from his uncle, Prince John, and Philip and Gwyn fall in love.
