Phenylpropanoids metabolism

From amino acids to cinnamates

Enzymes associated with biosynthesis of hydroxycinnamic acids

• Cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase, an enzyme that transforms cinnamyl alcohol into cinnamaldehyde
• Sinapine esterase, an enzyme that transforms sinapoylcholine into sinapate and choline
• Trans-cinnamate 2-monooxygenase, an enzyme that transforms trans-cinnamate into 2-hydroxycinnamate
• Caffeate O-methyltransferase, an enzyme that transforms caffeic acid into ferulic acid
• Caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase, an enzyme that transforms caffeoyl-CoA into feruloyl-CoA
• 5-O--D-quinate 3'-monooxygenase, an enzyme that transforms trans-5-O--D-quinate into trans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinate
• Sinapoylglucose—choline O-sinapoyltransferase, an enzyme that transforms 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose into sinapoylcholine
• Sinapoylglucose—malate O-sinapoyltransferase, an enzyme that transforms 1-O-sinapoyl-beta-D-glucose into sinapoyl--malate
• Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, an enzyme that transforms cinnamoyl-CoA from cinnamaldehyde

  Conjugation enzymes

• 2-coumarate O-beta-glucosyltransferase, the enzyme that transforms trans-2-hydroxycinnamate into trans-beta-D-glucosyl-2-hydroxycinnamate
• Hydroxycinnamate 4-beta-glucosyltransferase, the enzyme that transforms p-coumaric acid into 4-O-beta-D-glucosyl-4-hydroxycinnamate
• Shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase, the enzyme that transforms 4-coumaroyl-CoA into 4-coumaroylshikimate
• Quinate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase, the enzyme that transforms feruloyl-CoA into O-feruloylquinate
• Sinapate 1-glucosyltransferase, the enzyme that transforms sinapate into 1-sinapoyl-D-glucose
• Coniferyl-alcohol glucosyltransferase, the enzyme that transforms coniferyl alcohol into coniferin

  [Glucosidase]s

• Coniferin beta-glucosidase, the enzyme that transforms coniferin into coniferol

  Stilbenoids biosynthesis

• Pinosylvin synthase, an enzyme that transforms pinosylvin from cinnamoyl-CoA
• Trihydroxystilbene synthase, an enzyme that transforms 4-coumaroyl-CoA to resveratrol.

[Coumarin]s biosynthesis

• Scopoletin glucosyltransferase, the enzyme that transforms scopoletin into scopolin

  Chalcones biosynthesis

Flavonoids biosynthesis

Biodegradation

Hydroxycinnamic acids degradation

• Caffeate 3,4-dioxygenase is an enzyme that uses 3,4-dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate and oxygen to produce 3--cis,cis-muconate.