Phalaenopsis amabilis, commonly known as the moon orchid or moth orchid in India and as italic=no in Indonesia, is a species of flowering plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae, native to the East Indies and Australia, and widely cultivated as a decorative houseplant. It is an epiphytic or lithophyticherb with long, thick roots, between two and eight thick, fleshy leaves with their bases hiding the stem and nearly flat, white, long-lasting flowers on a branching flowering stem with up to ten flowers on each branch.
Description
Phalaenopsis amabilis is an epiphytic, rarely lithophytic herb with coarse, flattened, branching roots up to long and usually wide. Between two and eight fleshy, dark green, oblong to egg-shaped leaves long and wide are arranged in two rows along the stem. The stem is but hidden by the leaf bases. The flowers are arranged on a stiff, arching flowering stem long emerging from a leaf base, with a few branches near the tip. Each branch of the flowering stem bears between two and ten white, long-lasting flowers on a stalk long. Each flower is long and wide with the sepals and petals free from and spreading widely apart from each other. The sepals are egg-shaped, long and about wide and the petals broadly egg-shaped to almost square, long and wide. The labellum is white with yellow and reddish markings, about long with three lobes. The side lobes curve upwards and partly surround the column. The middle lobe is cross-shaped with a rounded tip and two long, thread-like wavy arms. There is a large yellowcallus near the base of the labellum. Flowering time depends on distribution but occurs from April to December in New Guinea.
Taxonomy and naming
In 1750, before the system of binomial nomenclature had been formalised by Carl Linnaeus, Georg Eberhard Rumphius had collected the species on Ambon Island and described it as Angraecum albus majus in his book Herbarium Amboinense. Linnaeus described it in Species Plantarum giving it the binomial Epidendrum amabile and in 1825, Carl Ludwig Blume changed the name to Phalaenopsis amabilis. The specific epithet is a Latin word meaning "lovely". Subspecies There are three subspecies of P. amabilis recognised by the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families:
Phalaenopsis amabilis subsp. amabilis which is the most widespread subspecies and is distinguished from the other subspecies by its cross-shaped labellum middle lobe, the base of which has yellow and red markings;
Phalaenopsis amabilis subsp. moluccanaChristenson which has a linear-oblong labellum middle lobe, with a slight dilation at its base where there are yellow and white markings;
Phalaenopsis amabilis subsp. rosenstromii Christenson which has a relatively short, triangular labellum middle lobe where the markings are yellow;
In Australia, subspecies rosenstromii is recognised as Phalaenopsis rosenstromii by the Australian Plant Census. It was discovered by Gus Rosenstrom "on trees, high from the ground, Daintree River" and was first formally described by Frederick Manson Bailey who published the description in the Queensland Agricultural Journal.
Distribution and habitat
Phalaenopsis amabilis usually grows on trees, rarely on rocks, in rainforest where the humidity is high but there is free air movement. Subspecies amabilis has the widest distribution and occurs from Palawan in the southern Philippines to Borneo, Sumatra and Java. Subspecies moluccana is separated from subspecies amabilis by the Wallace Line and is found in Sulawesi as well as Seram and Buru in the Moluccas. Subspecies rosenstromii is native to New Guinea and Australia where it occurs on the Cape York Peninsula between the Iron Range and the Paluma Range National Park. It is separated from subspecies moluccana by Lydekker's Line.
P. amabilis is reported to be very easy to grow as a houseplant, as long as attention is paid to a correct feeding and watering regime. It thrives in a domestic temperature range of, in bright indirect light such as that offered by an east- or west-facing window. Specialist orchid compost and feed is widely available. Species and cultivars in the genus Phalaenopsis are recommended for beginners. In cultivation in the United Kingdom, Phalaenopsis amabilis has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.
