Peter Heather


Peter John Heather is a British historian of Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. He is chair of the Medieval History Department and Professor of Medieval History at King's College London. Heather specializes in the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and the Goths, on which he for decades has been considered the world's leading authority.

Biography

Heather was born in Northern Ireland on 8 June 1960. He was educated at Maidstone Grammar School, and received his M.A. and D.Phil. from New College, Oxford. At Oxford he came under the influence of John Matthews and James Howard-Johnston. Heather subsequently lectured at Worcester College, Oxford, Yale University and University College London. In January 2008, Heather was appointed chair of the Medieval History Department and professor of medieval history at King's College London.

Research

As a historian, Heather specializes in late antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, particularly on the histories of the Eastern Roman Empire, the Western Roman Empire and the Goths. He is considered a leading expert on the ethnicity of Germanic peoples such as the Goths. He was written numerous works on this subject.
Heather disagrees with the core-tradition theory pioneered by the Vienna School of History, which contends that Germanic tribes were constantly changing, multi-ethnic coalitions held together by a small warrior elite. Instead, Heather contends that it was the freemen who constituted the backbone of Germanic tribes, and that the ethnic identity of tribes such as the Goths was stable for centuries, being held together by the freemen.
Heather has written several works on the Fall of the Western Roman Empire. Contrary to several historians of the late 20th century, Heather contends that it was the movements of barbarians in the Migration Period which led to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. He accepts the traditional view that it was the arrival of the Huns on the Pontic steppe in the last 4th century AD which set these migrations in motion. Heather's approach differs from many of his predecessors in the late 20th century, who have tended to downplay the importance migration played in the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Guy Halsall groups Heather together with Neil Christie and E. A. Thompson as being among the so-called Movers, who trace the collapse of the Western Roman Empire to external migration. These are contrasted with the Shakers, whose members include Patrick Amory and Jean Durliat. The Shakers trace the collapse to internal developments within the empire, and contend that the barbarians were willfully and peacefully integrated into the empire by the Romans. The Movers and Shakers are largely divided like the Germanists and Romanists respectively were in the early 20th century. According to Heather, the idea that the invading barbarians were peacefully absorbed into Roman civilization "smells more of wishful thinking than likely reality".
Along with Bryan Ward-Perkins and others scholars affiliated with the University of Oxford, Heather belongs to a new generation of historians who beginning in the early 2000s started to challenge theories on Late Antiquity that had been prevalent since the 1970s. These older theories generally denied the importance of ethnic identity, barbarian migrations and Roman decline in the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. Heather's works have been generally accepted in academia as the definite narrative on the fall of Rome.

Criticism

Peter Heather has been fiercely criticized by members of the so-called Toronto School of History. Michael Kulikowski, who belongs to this group, has accused Heather of neo-romanticism and of wishing "to revive a biological approach to ethnicity". Kulikowski claims that Heather "manifests a clear methodological affinity" to the 19th-century writer of the Goths Henry Bradley.
Guy Halsall has identified Peter Heather as the leader of a "counter-revisionist offensive against more subtle ways of thinking" about the Migration Period. Halsall accuses this group, which is strongly associated with University of Oxford, of "bizarre reasoning" and of purveying a "deeply irresponsible history". Halsall writes that Heather and the Oxford historians have been responsible for "an academic counter-revolution" of wide importance, and accuses them of deliberately contributing to the rise of "far-right extremists". Similar criticism has been leveled by Andrew Gillett, another associate of the Toronto School, who laments Heather's "biological" approach and lists Heather's research as an obstacle to the advance of multicultural values.

Select list of publications