Pentavalent antimonial
Pentavalent antimonials are a group of compounds used for the treatment of leishmaniasis. They are also called pentavalent antimony compounds.Types
The first pentavalent antimonial, urea stibamine, was synthesised by the Indian scientist Upendranath Brahmachari in 1922. Though it caused a dramatic decline in deaths due to leishmaniasis, it fell out of favour in the 1950s due to higher toxicity compared to sodium stibogluconate.
The compounds currently available for clinical use are:
The pentavalent antimonials can only be given by injection: there are no oral preparations available.Alternatives
In many countries, widespread resistance to antimony has meant that amphotericin or miltefosine are now used in preference., reversible kidney failure, pancreatitis, anemia, leukopenia, rash, headache, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, arthralgia, myalgia, thrombocytopenia, and transaminase elevation.
