Paul Giesler was a German Nazi Party functionary responsible for acts of brutality which included killing opponents of the regime in southern Germany. He first joined the NSDAP in 1922, and reenrolled on 1 January 1928 with Party number 72,741. From 1941 he was Gauleiter of Westphalia-South and in 1942 was appointed Gauleiter of the Gau Munich-Upper Bavaria. From 2 November 1942 to 28 April 1945 he was also the Premier of Bavaria.
Life and career
The trained architect was from 1924 a Party speaker, from 1929 a Nazi Partydistrict leader and from January 1931 a member of the SA. In November 1933 he was elected to the Reichstag. During these early years he served chiefly in multiple SA leadership posts, rising to the rank of SA-Brigadeführer by 20 April 1934. During the Night of the Long Knives he only narrowly missed being arrested and murdered. Brought up on charges before the High Party Court, he was acquitted in April 1935. He resumed his SA career and, when the war began, he served in the Poland and France campaigns. Only from August 1941 did Giesler once again take up important Party functions, at Martin Bormann's instigation, first becoming Gauleiter of Gau Westphalia-South on 9 November 1941 and a member of the Prussian State Council. Then on 23 June 1942, be was made Acting Gauleiter of Munich-Upper Bavaria during Adolf Wagner's illness. When Wagner died on 12 April 1944, Giesler was made permanent Gauleiter in Munich. After Ludwig Siebert's death on 1 November 1942, he was also appointed acting Ministerpräsident of Bavaria. He thus accumulated both high party and governmental offices. On 16 November 1942, he was appointed the Reich Defense Commissioner for his Gau. On 30 January 1943 he was promoted to SA-Obergruppenführer. In Munich, Giesler was known for speaking out against higher education for women, provoking student walk-outs of his speeches. He was also known for the capture and defeat of the White Rose student resistance movement. In April 1945, he was appointed Reich Defence Commissar-South and with help from SS units brutally quelled the "Freedom Action Bavaria" uprising under Captain Dr. Rupprecht Gerngroß in Munich. Reflecting Giesler's fanatically loyal Nazi outlook he was named Reich Minister for the Interior in Adolf Hitler's will of 29 April 1945, though he never had the chance to assume this post. As American troops approached, Giesler was reported to be planning the murder of the surviving inmates at Dachau concentration camp and several of its satellite camps in March 1945, on the authority of Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Chief of the RSHA. In a 20 November 1945 interrogation of Giesler's Gaustabsamtsleiter, Hubertus "Bertus" Gerdes by Special Agent Johannes Imhoff of the Counter Intelligence Corps, Nürnberg Sub-Regional Office, Gerdes spoke of his role in sabotaging the plans for mass murder. In August, 1946, in testimony given to the International Military Tribunal by Karl von Eberstein, he claimed he was ordered to use his influence with the commandant of Dachau to have 25,000 prisoners shot when the U.S. approached. If this couldn't be done, then Giesler, in his capacity as a Reich Defense Commissioner, would order the Luftwaffe to bomb the camp. Eberstein refused to order the shooting of the prisoners and stated that it would be impossible to find any Luftwaffe commander to give the order to bomb. Giesler then said he would poison the prisoners; Eberstein claimed he stopped Giesler by obtaining an order from Himmler to simply surrender the camps. Giesler then fired Eberstein on 20 April, on orders of Martin Bormann, for 'defeatism'. During the last chaotic days of Nazi Germany, Giesler was behind the worst of the violence directed against "defeatists" and those seeking to surrender their districts without pointless destruction, the Penzberger Mordnacht being one of the best known examples of this. When it was reported to Giesler that three people had been shot in another incident in Burghausen he retorted "What, only three ?. On 8 May 1945, the day that the Nazi capitulated to the Allies, Giesler and his wife committed suicide, fearing capture by American troops as they fled Berchtesgaden. A local doctor practicing in Stanggass at that time, Dr. Gottschalk, certified Giesler's death on 8 May 1945 and he was buried in the cemetery in Berchtesgaden on 10 May 1945. His remains were later disinterred and reburied elsewhere. Giesler was an unquestioning follower of Hitler, who ruled with ruthless efficiency and almost unlimited power in the last war years in Bavaria.
