Breitner's football career lasted from 1970 until 1983, mainly playing for Bayern Munich and Real Madrid, with one season playing for Eintracht Braunschweig. His early success was as a free roaming left back, as likely to score from the right midfield as to stop an attacker in his own penalty area. Later in his career he moved to midfield and became one of the top midfielders through the early 1980s. The early peak of Breitner's long and successful career was at age 21 in 1972 as part of the winning German European Championship team. Two years later he won the 1974FIFA World Cup. The final was played in Munich against the Netherlands, and Breitner scored the first German goal on a penalty kick. In the final, he, Franz Beckenbauer and Berti Vogts formed a formidable unit at the back, their resolute defense preventing the Dutch from getting many scoring chances. He moved to Real Madrid following the World Cup and withdrew from the West German squad, remaining off the side until enticed to return by Jupp Derwall in 1981. Breitner is one of only four footballers to have achieved the feat of scoring in two different World Cup final matches, sharing that honour with Pelé, Vavá, and Zinedine Zidane. He achieved this in 1974 against the Netherlands and in 1982 against Italy. During his club career, Breitner won seven National Championships with Bayern Munich and Real Madrid, the Champions' Cup as well as the German and Spanish Cups. During his spell with Bayern Munich, Karl-Heinz Rummenigge and he formed such a formidable one-two-punch that they were often called Breitnigge. Outside the pitch, Breitner was often decried by more traditional fans in Germany for his "revolutionary" attitude and his tendency for voicing strong opinions on political and social issues, especially during a time when Germany was still divided by the Berlin Wall. He was infamously seen bringing Mao Zedong's "little red book" to training. Before the 1982 World Cup in Spain he caused a major uproar in Germany when he accepted an offer by a German cosmetics company to pay him the – what many Germans regarded at that time as a "scandalously high" – sum of 150,000 Deutsche Mark if he shaved off his fluffy full beard, used their fragrance and advertised for the company. In the previous years his long hair had been perceived as a show of rebellion. Breitner further infuriated many fans with his subsequent move to Spanish club giants Real Madrid. He returned to Germany after the successful spell in Madrid and retired as a player in 1983.
In 1998, Breitner was announced as the new national coach by DFB president Egidius Braun. However, after some steam from fellow association officials, Braun reconsidered 17 hours later, making Breitner the infamous 17 Hours Bundestrainer. Today, Breitner mainly works as a TV pundit and newspaper columnist. In March 2007 he entered into a contract with FC Bayern Munich and acts as an advisor on various issues. He occasionally still plays for the Bayern All-stars in charity games, captaining the team on several occasions.