Pantheon of the House of Braganza
The Pantheon of the House of Braganza, also known as the Pantheon of the Braganzas, is the final resting place for many of the members of the House of Braganza, located in the Monastery of São Vicente de Fora in the Alfama district of Lisbon, Portugal. The pantheon's burials have included Portuguese monarchs, Brazilian monarchs, a Romanian monarch, queen consorts of Portugal, and notable Infantes of Portugal, among others.
History
The Pantheon was created under orders from Ferdinand II of Portugal, transforming the old refectory of the monastery into the burial place it is today. The majority of the tombs are located on the sides of the pantheon, and are simple marble boxes with spaces of four tombs. If the tomb is of a monarch, it has a crown engraved in gold on the side of the tomb and a crown placed on top of the entire set of tombs. The tombs in the center aisle of the pantheon are those belonging to Carlos I of Portugal, Luís Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal, Manuel II of Portugal and Queen Amélie of Orléans; the two martyrs of the Lisbon Regicide, the last King of Portugal and the last Queen consort of Portugal.Burials
Monarchs and consorts
- King João IV of Portugal
- Queen Consort Luisa de Guzmán
- King Afonso VI of Portugal
- Queen Consort Maria Francisca of Savoy
- King Pedro II of Portugal
- Queen Consort Maria Sophia of Neuburg
- King João V of Portugal
- Queen Consort Maria Anna of Austria
- King José I of Portugal
- Queen Consort Mariana Victoria of Spain
- King Pedro III of Portugal
- King João VI of Portugal
- Queen Consort Carlota Joaquina of Spain
- Queen Maria II of Portugal
- Prince Consort Auguste de Beauharnais
- King Fernando II of Portugal
- King Miguel I of Portugal
- Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg
- King Pedro V of Portugal
- Queen Consort Stephanie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
- King Luís I of Portugal
- King Carlos I of Portugal
- Queen Consort Amélie of Orléans
- King Manuel II of Portugal
Notable princes and infantes
;Children of King João IV- Prince Teodósio, Prince of Brazil, eldest son
- Princess Joana, Princess of Beira, second daughter
- Queen Catherine of Braganza, Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland, third daughter
- Prince João, Prince of Brazil, eldest son
- Infante Francisco, Duke of Beja, third son
- Infante António of Portugal, fourth son
- Infante Manuel, Count of Ourém, fifth son
- Princess Isabel Luísa, Princess of Beira, eldest daughter
- Infanta Francisca Josefa of Portugal, fourth daughter
- Prince Pedro, Prince of Brazil, eldest son
- Infante Carlos of Portugal, third son
- Infante Alexandre of Portugal, fifth son
- José of Braganza, High Inquisitor of Portugal, illegitimate son
- Infanta Maria Ana Francisca of Portugal, second daughter
- Infanta Maria Doroteia of Portugal, third daughter
- Princess Benedita, Princess of Brazil, fourth daughter
- Prince José, Prince of Brazil, eldest son
- Prince Francisco António, Prince of Beira, eldest son
- Infanta Isabel Maria, Regent of Portugal, fourth daughter
- Infanta Maria da Assunção of Portugal, fifth daughter
- Infante João, Duke of Beja, fourth child and third son
- Infante Fernando, seventh child and fourth son
- Infante Augusto, Duke of Coimbra, eighth child and fifth son
- Infante Afonso, Duke of Porto, younger son, later Prince Royal of Portugal
- Infante Luís Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal, elder son
Braganza monarchs and consorts not buried at the pantheon
- Queen Maria I is buried in the Estrela Basilica in Lisbon. She died in 1816, while the Royal Court was in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and was initially laid to rest at the Ajuda Convent in Rio de Janeiro, but her remains were brought to Lisbon after the return of the Royal Family to Portugal. However, she was never buried in the Braganza Pantheon, and instead the Estrela Basilica was chosen as her resting place.
- King Pedro IV, also known as Emperor Pedro I of Brazil, was initially buried in the Pantheon, but his remains were offered to Brazil in 1972 and they were then laid to rest at the Imperial Crypt and Chapel within the Monument to the Independence of Brazil in São Paulo, Brazil. His heart is interred in the Church of Our Lady of Lapa, in Porto, Portugal.
- Queen Consort Maria Leopoldina of Austria, who was Queen Consort of Portugal during the brief reign of Pedro IV, is interred next to the body of her husband at the Monument to the Independence of Brazil in São Paulo, Brazil. She never set foot in Portugal, but became a Portuguese Princess by marriage when she wed the then Prince Pedro, Prince Royal of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves in 1817, while the Portuguese Royal Court was in Rio de Janeiro. She subsequently remained in Brazil with her husband, and became Empress Consort of Brazil when Pedro proclaimed the independence of Brazil and was acclaimed as Emperor Pedro I. When Pedro briefly held the Portuguese Crown as King Pedro IV from March to May, 1826, Empress Maria Leopoldina became Queen Consort of Portugal. She died in December 1826, and, before her remains were transferred to the Imperial Crypt and Chapel at the Monument to the Independence of Brazil in 1972, she was initially buried at the Imperial Mausoleum of St. Anthony's Convent in Rio de Janeiro.
- Queen Consort Maria Pia, consort of King Luís I of Portugal, is buried in the Pantheon of the House of Savoy in the Basilica of Superga in Turin, Italy.
- Princess Augusta Victoria of Hohenzollern, consort of King Manuel II of Portugal, is buried at Langenstein Castle, owned by the family of her second husband.
Former burials
- Emperor Pedro II of Brazil, a member of the House of Braganza and son of King Pedro IV, was buried in the Pantheon in 1891 and remained there until 1921 when his body was repatriated to Brazil and reburied at the Imperial Crypt of the Cathedral of St. Peter of Alcantara in Petrópolis. After the military coup d'état that proclaimed Brazil a Republic on 15 November 1889 the Brazilian Imperial Family was sent into exile, and were received and given protection by their Braganza cousins who still reigned in Portugal. After the death of his wife, Empress Teresa Cristina, on 28 December 1889, Pedro II decided to move to France, and settled in Paris, where he died on 5 December 1891. After a State Funeral hosted by the French authorities at the Church of St. Mary Magdalen, his body was moved by train to Portugal, and was solemnly buried at the Braganza Pantheon. After the 1920 revocation of the decree that banished the Imperial Family from Brazil, an Imperial Crypt was built at Petrópolis Cathedral, and a Brazilian State Funeral for the former Emperor was finally held in 1921, on the occasion of the reburial of his remains there.
- Empress Teresa Cristina of Brazil, wife of the deposed Brazilian Emperor Pedro II and therefore a member of the House of Braganza by marriage, was laid to rest in the Pantheon from her death in December 1889, until 1921, when her remains were returned to Brazil together with those of her husband, and were laid to rest at the Imperial Crypt in the Cathedral of St. Peter of Alcantara in Petrópolis.
- Empress Amélia of Brazil, another member of the House of Braganza by marriage, second wife of Emperor Pedro I of Brazil and Duchess of Braganza, remained in Portugal during her widowhood and was buried in the Pantheon from her death in 1873 until 1982, when her remains were ceded to Brazil and transferred to the Imperial Crypt and Chapel at the Monument to the Independence of Brazil in São Paulo.
- Princess Maria Amélia of Brazil, also a member of the House of Braganza, King Pedro IV's only child from his second marriage, conceived after his abdication of the Portuguese Crown, and born in Europe after his abdication of the Brazilian Crown, was buried in the Pantheon from her moving from Madeira a few months after her death in 1853 until 1982, when her remains were ceded to Brazil and transferred to the Imperial Mausoleum at St. Anthony's Convent in Rio de Janeiro, where they are buried alongside the remains of several other princes and princesses descended from the Emperors of Brazil.
- King Carol II of Romania, who died in Portugal while in exile, and his wife Magda Lupescu were buried in the pantheon before the return of their bodies to Romania in 2003. They are now buried in the Orthodox Cathedral of Curtea de Argeș, alongside other Romanian royals.