It consists of centimeter-sized olivine crystals of peridot quality in an iron-nickel matrix. Coarser metal areas develop Widmanstätten patterns upon etching. Minor constituents are schreibersite, troilite, chromite, pyroxenes, and phosphates.
Classification and subgroups
Using the oxygen isotopic composition, meteoric iron composition and silicate composition pallasites are divided into 4 subgroups:
Pallasite ungrouped : Specimens that don't fit into any groups or grouplets
Origin
Pallasites were once thought to originate at the core-mantle boundary of differentiated asteroids that were subsequently shattered through impacts. An alternative recent hypothesis is that they are impact-generated mixtures of core and mantle materials.
History
A common error is to associate their name with the asteroid2 Pallas but their actual name is after the German naturalist Peter Pallas, who studied in 1772 a specimen found earlier near Krasnoyarsk in the mountains of Siberia that had a mass of. The Krasnoyarsk mass described by Pallas in 1776 was one of the examples used by E.F.F. Chladni in the 1790s to demonstrate the reality of meteorite falls on the Earth, which were at his time considered by most scientists as fairytales. This rock mass was dissimilar to all rocks or ores found in this area, but its content of native metal was similar to other finds known from completely different areas.
Pallasite falls
Pallasites are a rare type of meteorite. Only 61 are known to date, including 10 from Antarctica, with four being observed falls. The following four falls are in chronological order:
Mineo, Sicily, Italy. A luminous meteor was observed and an object seen to fall with a loud roar in May 1826. Only are preserved in collections.
Zaisho, Japan. 330 g were found on February 1, 1898, after the appearance of a fireball.
Omolon, Magadan Region, Russia. A reindeer-breeder observed the fall on May 16, 1981, and found the meteorite two years later. The fall was confirmed by a meteorological station that had observed a fireball on the same date.
Notable pallasite finds
Although pallasites are a rare meteorite type, enough pallasite material is found in museums and meteorite collections and is available for research. This is due to large finds, some of which yielded more than a metric ton. The following are the largest finds:
Brenham, Kansas, United States. In 1890 the find of about 20 masses with a total weight of around the shallow Haviland Crater were reported. More masses were found later, including one of from a depth of, the total amounting to about. A piece of is in the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago. In 2005, Steve Arnold of Arkansas, USA, and Phil Mani of Texas, USA, unearthed a large mass of and in 2006 several new large masses
Huckitta, Northern Territory, Australia. A mass of was found in 1937 on a cattle station north-east of Alice Springs. Earlier, in 1924, a transported piece of about had been found on Burt Plain north of Alice Springs.
Imilac, Atacama Desert, Chile; known since 1822. Numerous masses up to were found, the total weight is about 920 kg.
Brahin, Gomel Region, Belarus, known since 1810. Many masses were found strewn in a field, with a total weight of about 820 kg. An additional mass of 227 kg was found at a depth of in 2002.
Esquel, Chubut, Argentina. A large mass of 755 kg was found embedded in soil before 1951.
Pallasovka, Pallasovka, Russia. A single mass of 198 kg was found near Pallasovka, Russia in 1990. Coincidentally, both the town of Pallasovka and pallasite meteorites were named after the naturalist, Peter Pallas.
Krasnojarsk, Yeniseisk, Russia. A mass of about 700 kg was detected in 1749 about south of Krasnojarsk. It was seen by P. S. Pallas in 1772 and transported to Krasnojarsk. The main mass of 515 kg is now in Moscow at the Academy of Sciences. Pallasites are named after Peter Pallas for his study of this meteorite.
Seymchan, discovered near the town by the same name, in far eastern Russia in 1967. This main group Pallasite has some areas free of olivine crystals, and may have formed near the junction of the core and the mantle of an asteroid. Multiple masses in excess of 1 tonne have been recovered.
