Pakualaman


Pakualaman is a minor Javanese princely state within the Sultanate of Yogyakarta. It was created in 1812 when Natakusuma was rewarded for helping the British quell the conflict in Yogyakarta in June 1812. It became the mirror-image of the Mangkunegaran principality in the territory of the Susuhunanate of Surakarta.
A Pakualaman Corps of 100 cavalry was established, but was never to become as significant as the Mangkunegaran Legion, and disbanded in 1892. Due to Paku Alam VIII's role in the Indonesian independence movement, a law was passed to give the position of vice-governor of the Yogyakarta Special Region to the reigning Prince Paku Alam at any particular time. Meanwhile, the Sultans of Yogyakarta were to hold the governor's office on a hereditary basis.

Formation

Kadipaten Pakualaman, also known as Nagari Pakualaman or Praja Pakualaman, was established on March 17 1813, when Prince Notokusumo, son of Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono I with his Concubine was crowned by Governor-General Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles as Kangjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati. The use of the later title Kangjeng Gusti Adipati Arya was only used by Paku Alam V. The status of this princely state was similar to that of the Mangkunegara in Surakarta.
Starting from the Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat dispute under Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono II against the government of the Governor-General Herman Willem Daendels of the French-Netherlands. Daendels sent his troops to attack the Yogyakarta Palace in December 1810 to quell the rebellion of Raden Ronggo which eventually resulted in the forced decline of Hamengkubuwono II from the throne. The power was transferred to G.R.M. Soerojo who was appointed as regent with the title Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono III. Sultan Hamengkubuwono II's half-brother, Prince Notokusumo, and his son Notodiningrat, who supported the rebellion were also captured by the Dutch in Semarang and taken to Batavia.
In 1811, Dutch-French colonial rule on Java was captured by the British with Capitulation of Tuntang in 11 August 1811, and the British sent Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles to lead this colony with the position of Lieutenant Governor General. Raffles tried to get support from local authorities, one of whom was Sultan Hamengkubuwono II. He sent Captain John Robinson to Yogyakarta to return Hamengkubuwono II to his throne and lowered R.M. Suryo again to become the crown prince with the title Kangjeng Pangeran Adipati Anom on 10 December 1811.

Princely state

Kadipaten Pakualaman, Nagari Pakualaman and Praja Pakualaman are the official names used by the smallest monarchy in southern Central Java. The monarchy founded in 1813 was in the form of a Kadipaten or a princely state. The government was run by Pepatih Pakualaman together with Resident / Governor of the Dutch East Indies for Yogyakarta. Pakualaman's status changes over time. In 1813-1816 was a dependent state under the Government of the United Kingdom of East India. Furthermore, in the year 1816-1942 was the dependent state of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, with the status of Zelfbestuurende Landschappen in the Dutch East Indies. From 1942 to 1945 was part of the Japanese Empire with Kooti status under the supervision of the Army XVI Army Ruler.
Starting in 1945 this small country joined and became a part of Indonesian republican territory. Then with the Yogyakarta Sultanate it formed a joint government until 1950 when officially they were made into a Daerah Istimewa inside Indonesia and no longer operate as an independent country.

List of rulers

The name Paku Alam translates literally into "Nail of the universe" or "Nail of the world" in English.