In the parliament in London on 2 April 1258, the great magnates' disaffection with the King reached a breaking point. An agreement was made to look at the issues of supply on behalf of the King, to which Henry and Edward agreed on 2 May. At the Oxford Parliament on 11 June, led by Simon de Montfort, Henry accepted a new form of government, laid out in the Provisions of Oxford, in which power was placed in the hands of a privy council, a council of fifteen members who were to supervise ministerial appointments, local administration and the custody of royal castles. Parliament, meanwhile, which was to meet three times a year, would monitor the performance of this council. Henry agreed to these terms, and as a result a parliament consisting of fifteen was formed. These members included both Montfort, and Peter de Montfort, who acted as parlour or prolocutor for the proceedings. The remaining twelve consisted of Boniface of Savoy in his role as the Archbishop of Canterbury, Walter de Cantilupe as the Bishop of Worcester, the Earl of Norfolk, the Earl of Gloucester, the Earl of Hereford, the Earl of Warwick, the Earl of Albemarle, Hugh de Bigod, Peter de Saveye, Roger de Mortimer, James de Audeleye and John Maunsel.
Aftermath
The resolution of the Parliament did not last for long. The Pope excused the King of his obligations related to the throne of Sicily, meaning that he no longer required the funds provided by the additional taxation given to him by Parliament. The issue was one which was brought before King Louis IX of France, acting as arbitrator between Henry and the Barons at the Mise of Amiens. Louis made a decision entirely in favour of his fellow King, overturning the agreement made at the Oxford Parliament and absolved Henry's need to allow Parliament to appoint ministers, instead restoring that power to him. This soon resulted in the Second Barons' War, with forces led by Simon de Montfort rebelling against the King. Following an initial attack by the Barons, Henry's feudal army was summoned and won a battle at Northampton. The forces of Montfort and Henry failed to come to terms, resulting in the Battle of Lewes where the Barons were victorious and the Mise of Lewes resulted. Prince Edward escaped his captors within a few months, and began to re-conquer England. The forces of Montfort found themselves trapped at Evesham, and in the ensuing battle, he was killed and his forces were routed by Edward's. The Barons continued to resist, but the Dictum of Kenilworth in October 1266 granted pardons, resulting in their surrender. The parliament came to be known as "Mad" as a result of an entry in Liber de Antiquis Legibus which read "Hoc anno fuit illud insane parliamentum apud Oxoniam". However, historians Dr A.G. Little and Dr R.L. Poole have shown that the word "insane" was overwritten in the original text, and may have originally read "insigne" instead.
Legacy
Peter de Montfort's role as parlour or prolocutor was the forerunner for Speaker of the House of Commons which officially began in 1377.
