Openshaw is an area of Manchester, England, about two miles east of the city centre. Historically part of Lancashire, Openshaw was incorporated into the city of Manchester in 1890. Its name derives from the Old EnglishOpinschawe, which means an open wood or coppice. During the Second Industrial Revolution, when Openshaw become an area of heavy industry, socialism and trade unionism flourished. In 1910 the Openshaw Socialists were formed; Keir Hardie, founder of the Labour Party, spoke at their inaugural meeting. Annie Lee became Manchester's first socialist woman alderman in 1936, having been secretary of the Openshaw Independent Labour Party since the 1890s. Following profound de-industrialisation, Openshaw's population is now a fraction of what it was a century ago.
Industry
There is little industry in the district now. Very large enterprises such as a government munitions factory and associated railway yards were closed after the First World War. Companies which employed thousands of people, but of which nothing remains, include RHM, Ferguson, Pailin & Co, the English Steel Corporation, B&S Massey and Crossley Brothers, and the Gorton Works of the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway, later the Great Central Railway followed by the London and North Eastern Railway. Gorton works exemplified the industries that sustained the economy of Openshaw and adjacent districts of Manchester during and after the Second Industrial Revolution. It was established in 1848 to service locomotives and build carriages and wagons. The first locomotive was built in 1858 and by 1923, Gorton works had built more than 900 locomotives. The last steam engine was built for British Railways in 1950. The works then produced electric locomotives until it closed in 1963. The site is now the New Smithfield Wholesale Market, Manchester's wholesale fruit and vegetable market. Openshaw is, however, within the East Manchester Regeneration Scheme and new businesses are moving into the area.
172: Newton Heath to Withington Community Hospital. Operated by Stagecoach Manchester.
219: Manchester to Ashton-under-Lyne. Operated by Stagecoach Manchester.
220: Manchester to Stalybridge/Tameside General Hospital. Operated by Checkmate, Stagecoach Manchester & First Manchester.
221: Manchester to Dukinfield. Operated by Stagecoach Manchester & First Manchester.
Music
English actor and lead vocalist for the Monkees, Davy Jones, was born in Leamington Street, Openshaw. Composer Peter McGarr, born in 1953, lived in Openshaw for many years.
Openshaw media
From March 2002, the North East Manchester Advertiser newspaper was delivered free to every home in Openshaw, providing a local news source. However, in September 2012 the newspaper ceased publication. The Openshaw Gazette was launched in the same month; it now exists as a Facebook page and Twitter account.