For the April 1945invasion of Okinawa, the Allies assembled the most powerful naval force in history. Since the few remaining capital ships of the Imperial Japanese Combined Fleet had been sunk or otherwise put out of action at the Battle of Leyte Gulf, the Allies were effectively unopposed in terms of surface vessels; a single mission consisting of the superbattleship and a few escorts was undertaken, but the task force did not get within of the invasion area. Since the Japanese air arm had been equally decimated by this point in the war, the lack of trained and experienced pilots led them to deploy the kamikaze extensively in the waters off Okinawa. US Navy combat ships: 11 fleet carriers, 6 light carriers, 22 escort carriers, 8 fast battleships, 10 old battleships, 2 large cruisers, 12 heavy cruisers, 13 light cruisers, 4 anti-aircraft light cruisers, 132 destroyers, 45 destroyer escorts Amphibious assault vessels: 84 attack transports, 29 attack cargo ships, LCIs, LSMs, LSTs, LSVs, etc. Auxiliaries: 52 submarine chasers, 23 fast minesweepers, 69 minesweepers, 11 minelayers, 49 oilers, etc. Royal Navy combat ships: 5 fleet carriers, 2 battleships, 7 light cruisers, 14 destroyers Losses The smaller ships were least able to withstand damage from kamikaze attacks.
Son of a Confederate army general, Lt. Gen. Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr. was one of four US lieutenant generals to die during World War II, but the only one to die by enemy action. On 18 June, Buckner was visiting a forward observation post when a Japanese artillery shell struck a coral outcropping, fragments of which struck Buckner in the chest. Command of Tenth Army passed to Marine Maj. Gen. Roy S. Geiger. United States Tenth Army
Allied amphibious forces
Joint Expeditionary Force (Task Force 51)
Vice Admiral Richmond Kelly Turner in amphibious command ship Eldorado
Northern Attack Force (Task Force 53)
Rear Admiral Lawrence F. Reifsnider in amphibious command ship Panamint Embarking III Amphibious Corps
Southern Attack Force (Task Force 55)
Rear Admiral John L. Hall in amphibious command ship Teton Embarking XXIV Army Corps
Expeditionary Troops (Task Force 56)
Lieutenant General Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr., USA Consisting of United States Tenth Army
Allied combat ships
Amphibious Support Forces (Task Force 52)
Rear Admiral William H.P. Blandy in amphibious command ship Estes