Odontomachus Odontomachus , or trap-jaw ants , is a genus of omnivorous ants found in the tropics and subtropics throughout the world .Overview Commonly known as trap-jaw ants, species in Odontomachus have a pair of large, straight mandibles capable of opening 180 degrees . These jaws are locked in place by an internal mechanism, and can snap shut on prey or objects when sensory hairs on the inside of the mandibles are touched. The mandibles are powerful and fast, giving the ant its common name. The mandibles either kill or maim the prey, allowing the ant to bring it back to the nest . Odontomachus can simply lock and snap its jaws again if one bite is not enough, or to cut off bits of larger food. The mandibles also permit slow and fine movements for other tasks such as nest building and care of larvae . The ants were also observed to use their jaws as a catapult to eject intruders or fling themselves backwards to escape a threat. The larvae of trap-jaw ants are remarkable in being ornamented with long spikes and presenting dorsal adhesive pads for fixation onto internal ant nest walls. They are carnivorous , extremely active larvae. Apparently, they undergo three larval moults before entering metamorphosis. Their larvae use substrate to spin cocoons.Speed record Trap-jaw ants of this genus have the second fastest moving predatory appendages within the animal kingdom , after the dracula ant . One study of Odontomachus bauri recorded peak speeds of between, with the jaws closing within just 130 microseconds on average. The peak force exerted was in the order of 300 times the body weight of the ant and acceleration of 1 000 000 m/s² or 100 000 g .Mimicry The jumping spider genus Enoplomischus seems to mimic this ant genus.Distribution Odontomachus species are found in Central to South America , Asia, Australia, and Africa. In the United States, Odontomachus haematodus was "recorded in Alabama back in 1956. But now researchers have officially confirmed that the species has spread across the Gulf Coast , at least as far east as Pensacola, Florida ." In the past , "Odontomachus ruginodis was thought to be confined to the Orlando region"; however, Magdalena Sorger, a PhD candidate at North Carolina State University , "has confirmed a record of ruginodis more than a hundred miles north of Orlando, in Gainesville, Florida ." Odontomachus relictus , however, is only found in "endangered scrub habitat on central Florida’s ancient sand ridges."Species 73 valid species Odontomachus aciculatus F. Smith, 1863 Odontomachus affinis Guerin-Meneville , 1844 Odontomachus alius Sorger & Zettel, 2011Odontomachus allolabis Kempf, 1974Odontomachus angulatus Mayr, 1866Odontomachus animosus Smith, 1860Odontomachus assiniensis Emery, 1892Odontomachus banksi Forel, 1910Odontomachus bauri Emery, 1892Odontomachus biolleyi Forel, 1908Odontomachus biumbonatus Brown, 1976Odontomachus bradleyi Brown, 1976Odontomachus brunneus Odontomachus caelatus Brown, 1976Odontomachus cephalotes Smith, 1863 Odontomachus chelifer Odontomachus circulus Wang, 1993Odontomachus clarus Roger, 1861Odontomachus coquereli Roger, 1861Odontomachus cornutus Stitz, 1933Odontomachus desertorum Wheeler, 1915Odontomachus erythrocephalus Emery, 1890Odontomachus floresensis Brown, 1976 Odontomachus fulgidus Wang, 1993Odontomachus granatus Wang, 1993Odontomachus haematodus ; type species Odontomachus hastatus Odontomachus imperator Emery, 1887Odontomachus infandus Smith, 1858Odontomachus insularis Guérin-Méneville, 1844Odontomachus kuroiwae Odontomachus laticeps Roger, 1861Odontomachus latidens Mayr, 1867Odontomachus latissimus Viehmeyer, 1914Odontomachus malignus Smith, 1859Odontomachus mayi Mann, 1912Odontomachus meinerti Forel, 1905Odontomachus minangkabau Satria, Kurushima, Herwina, Yamane & Eguchi, 2015 Odontomachus montanus Stitz, 1925Odontomachus monticola Emery, 1892Odontomachus mormo Brown, 1976Odontomachus nigriceps Smith, 1860Odontomachus opaciventris Forel, 1899Odontomachus opaculus Viehmeyer, 1912†Odontomachus paleomyagra Wappler, Dlussky, Engel, Prokop & Knor, 2014 Odontomachus panamensis Forel, 1899Odontomachus papuanus Emery, 1887Odontomachus pararixosus Terayama & Ito, 2014Odontomachus peruanus Stitz, 1933Odontomachus philippinus Emery, 1893Odontomachus procerus Emery, 1893 †Odontomachus pseudobauri Odontomachus relictus Deyrup & Cover, 2004Odontomachus rixosus Smith, 1857Odontomachus ruficeps Smith, 1858 Odontomachus rufithorax Emery, 1911Odontomachus ruginodis Smith, 1937Odontomachus saevissimus Smith, 1858Odontomachus scalptus Brown, 1978Odontomachus schoedli Sorger & Zettel, 2011Odontomachus scifictus Sorger & Zettel, 2011Odontomachus silvestrii W.M. Wheeler, 1927Odontomachus simillimus F. Smith, 1858 †Odontomachus spinifer De Andrade , 1994 Odontomachus spissus Kempf, 1962Odontomachus sumbensis Brown, 1976Odontomachus tensus Wang, 1993Odontomachus testaceus Emery, 1897Odontomachus troglodytes Santschi, 1914 Odontomachus turneri Forel, 1900 Odontomachus tyrannicus Smith, 1859Odontomachus xizangensis Wang, 1993Odontomachus yucatecus Brown, 1976
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