Oben am jungen Rhein


"Oben am jungen Rhein" is national anthem of Liechtenstein. Written in the 1850s, it is set to the melody of the British anthem, "God Save the King/Queen", which in the 19th century had been used for a number of anthems of German-speaking nations, including those of Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony, and Switzerland.

History

The original lyrics, beginning Oberst am jungen Rhein, were written in the 1850s. The song may be grouped with the German "Rhine songs", i.e. songs that celebrate the River Rhine as part of the German national patrimony, opposing the French territorial claims on the left river bank.
The text is attributed to Jakob Josef Jauch. A Russian-born Swiss convert to Catholicism, Jauch studied theology in Switzerland during 1828-1832, and was consecrated as Catholic priest in 1833. He served as priest in London during 1837/8-1850. During 1852-1856, he lived in Balzers, Liechtenstein, and befriended Countess Franziska, with whom he planned a model educational institution in Balzers. Due to his progressive stance, Jauch came into conflict with the church hierarchy, and the bishop of Chur ordered him to leave Liechtenstein in 1856. If the attribution of the lyrics to Jauch is correct, the composition would likely date to Jauch's time in Balzers.
The lyrics were not published during Jauch's lifetime. They appeared in print, as the national anthem of Liechtenstein The song served as Liechtenstein's unofficial, de facto national anthem from the 1870s until its official adoption in 1920.
In 1963, the text was shortened, and reference to the "German Rhine", which had been introduced in the 1920 version, was removed. Oben am jungen Rhein is the only remaining national anthem sharing the same melody with the British "God Save the Queen".

Lyrics

The lyrics printed in 1875 had seven verses. Of these, verses five and six were lost in the 1920 version. The 1963 version retains only the first and the final verse of the 1920 version, and it restores the reading of "the young Rhine", which had been substituted by reference to "the German Rhine" in 1920. Similarly, the reference to Liechtenstein as "beloved homeland within the German fatherland" found in the 1920 version was replaced by reference to Liechtenstein, itself, as both "beloved homeland" and "dear fatherland".