Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development


commonly abbreviated as Nintendo EAD, formerly Nintendo Research & Development 4 Department, was formerly the largest software development division inside of Nintendo. It was preceded by the Creative Department, a team of designers with backgrounds in art responsible for many different tasks, to which Shigeru Miyamoto and Takashi Tezuka originally belonged. Both served as managers of the EAD studios and were credited in every game developed by the division, with varying degrees of involvement. Nintendo EAD was best known for its work on games in the Donkey Kong, Mario, The Legend of Zelda, F-Zero, Star Fox, Animal Crossing, Pikmin and Wii series.
Following a large company restructure following the death of company president Satoru Iwata, the division merged with Nintendo's Software Planning & Development division in September 2015, becoming Nintendo Entertainment Planning & Development.

History

Background

During the 1970s, when Nintendo was still predominantly a toy company, it decided to expand into interactive entertainment and the video game industry. Several designers were hired to work under the Creative Department, which, at the time, was the only game development department within Nintendo. Among these new designers were Makoto Kano, who went on to design various Game & Watch games, and Shigeru Miyamoto, who would create various Nintendo franchises. In 1972, the department was renamed to Research & Development Department; it had about 20 employees. The department was later consolidated into a division and separated into three groups, Nintendo R&D1, R&D2 and R&D3.

1980–1989: Creation as Research & Development 4

Around 1983/1984, in the wake of Donkey Kong's commercial success, a game designed by Shigeru Miyamoto, Hiroshi Imanishi oversaw the creation of Research & Development No. 4 Department, as a new development department dedicated to developing video game titles for dedicated consoles, complementing the other three existing departments in the Nintendo Manufacturing Division, green-lighted by then-Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi. Imanishi appointed Hiroshi Ikeda, a former anime director at Toei Animation, as general manager of the newly-created department, and Miyamoto as its chief producer, who would later become one of the most recognized video game developers in the world. Nintendo also drafted a couple of key graphic designers to the department including Takashi Tezuka and Kenji Miki. With the arcade market dwindling, Nintendo R&D1's former focus, the department concentrated most of their software development resources on the emerging handheld video game console market, primarily thanks to the worldwide success of Nintendo's Game Boy. This catapulted the R&D4 department to become the lead software developer for Nintendo home video game consoles, developing a myriad of games for the Family Computer home console.
Hiroshi Ikeda's creative team had many video game design ideas, but was lacking the necessary programming power to make it all happen. Toshihiko Nakago, and his small company Systems Research & Development, had its expertise in computer-aided design tools and was very familiar with the Famicom chipset, and was originally hired to work with Masayuki Uemura's Nintendo R&D2 to internally develop software development kits. When Nintendo R&D2 and SRD jointly began porting over R&D1 arcade games to the Famicom, Shigeru Miyamoto took the opportunity to lure Nakago away from R&D2, to help Miyamoto create his first Nintendo R&D4 video game, Excitebike. And so the original R&D4 department became composed of Miyamoto, Takashi Tezuka, Kenji Miki, and Minoru Maeda handling design; Koji Kondo, Akito Nakatsuka, and Hirokazu Tanaka handling sound design; and Toshihiko Nakago and SRD became the technology and programming core.
One of the first games developed by the R&D4 department was Mario Bros. in 1983, designed and directed by Miyamoto. The department was, however, unable to program the game with such an inexperienced team, and so counted with programming assistance from Gunpei Yokoi and the R&D1 department. One of the first completely self-developed games was Super Mario Bros., the sequel to Mario Bros. The game set standards for the platform genre, and went on to be both a critical and commercial success. In 1986, R&D4 developed The Legend of Zelda, for which Miyamoto again served as a director. The phenomenal sales of Super Mario Bros. and The Legend of Zelda fueled the expansion of the department with young game designers such as Hideki Konno, Katsuya Eguchi, Kensuke Tanabe, Takao Shimizu, who would later become producers themselves.

1989–2002: Renamed to Entertainment Analysis & Development

In 1989, one year before the Super Nintendo Entertainment System was released in Japan, the R&D4 department was spun-off and made its own division named Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development. The division was comprised into two departments: the Software Development Department, which focused on video game development and was led by Miyamoto, and the Technology Development Department, which focused on programming and developing tools and was led by Takao Sawano. The technology department was born out of several R&D2 engineers that were assisting SRD with software libraries. After that, the same department later collaborated with Argonaut Games to develop the Super FX chip technology for the SNES, first used in Star Fox in 1993. This venture allowed the Technology Development Department to become more prominent in the 3D era, where they programmed several of Nintendo EAD's 3D games with SRD.
F-Zero, released in 1990, was the first video game fully programmed at the division. Prior to that, most programming was outsourced to SRD Co. Ltd.
In 1997, Miyamoto explained that about twenty to thirty employees were devoted to each Nintendo EAD title during the course of its development. It was then that he also disclosed the existence of the SRD programming company within the division, formally Nintendo R&D2's software unit, which was composed of about 200 employees with proficiency in software programming.
In the advent of launching both the GameCube and Game Boy Advance, Nintendo sought to change the structure of its corporate management. In June 2000, in an attempt to include both software and hardware experts in the board of directors, EAD and Integrated Research & Development general managers, Shigeru Miyamoto and Genyo Takeda respectively, entered the body. In addition,former HAL Laboratory president and future Nintendo president, Satoru Iwata, also entered the board. With Miyamoto being promoted into the board of directors, he was now in charge of overseeing all of Nintendo's software development. In order to fill Miyamoto's void as producer, there were a series of promotions in the division: starting with long-time Miyamoto colleague Takashi Tezuka, as deputy general manager, as well as promoting several senior directors like Eiji Aonuma, Hideki Konno, Takao Shimizu, Tadashi Sugiyama and Katsuya Eguchi to producers overseeing their own development teams in the division. Nevertheless, after the promotion, Miyamoto still went on to produce some games.
On November 24, 2000, Nintendo moved its Japanese headquarters, along with its internal teams, into a newly built facility. The new building was primarily built to provide a more expansive workplace for Nintendo's growing development teams.
In 2002, Nintendo opened a Nintendo EAD studio in Tokyo, appointing Takao Shimizu as manager of the branch. The studio was created with the goal of bringing in fresh new talent from the capital of Japan who wouldn't be willing or able to travel to Kyoto. Their first project was Donkey Kong Jungle Beat for the GameCube which made use of the DK Bongos, initially created for Donkey Konga.

2003–2015: Restructure, new managers, and merger with SPD

On September 30, 2003, as a result of a corporate restructure Nintendo was undergoing, in which several members of the Nintendo R&D1 and R&D2 were reassigned under Nintendo EAD, the department was consolidated into a division and began welcoming a new class of managers and producers. Hideki Konno, Katsuya Eguchi, Eiji Aonuma, Hiroyuki Kimura, and Tadashi Sugiyama were appointed project managers of their own groups within the Software Development Department; Shimizu was appointed project manager of the Tokyo Software Development Department; and Keizo Ota and Yasunari Nishida were appointed project managers of their own groups in the Technology Development Department.
In 2013, Katsuya Eguchi was promoted Department Manager of both Software Development Departments in Kyoto and Tokyo. As such, he left his role as Group Manager of Software Development Group No. 2, and was replaced by Hisashi Nogami. On June 18, 2014, the EAD Kyoto branch was moved from the Nintendo Central Office to the Nintendo Development Center in Kyoto. The building housed more than 1100 developers from all of Nintendo's internal research and development divisions, which included the Nintendo EAD, SPD, IRD and SDD divisions.
On September 16, 2015, EAD merged with Nintendo Software Planning & Development into a single game development division, Entertainment Planning & Development. The move followed an internal restructuring of Nintendo executives and departments after the death of former president Satoru Iwata in July 2015.

Structure

The Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development division was headed by Nintendo-veteran Takashi Tezuka who acted as general manager. The division was divided in two development departments: one in Kyoto, with Katsuya Eguchi acting as its deputy general manager; and one in Tokyo, with Yoshiaki Koizumi acting as its deputy general manager.

Kyoto Software Development Department

The Nintendo EAD Kyoto Software Development Department was the largest and one of the oldest research and development departments within Nintendo, housing more than 700 video game developers. It was located in Kyoto, Japan, formerly in the Nintendo Central Office, but on June 28, 2014, it was relocated to the new Nintendo Development Center, which housed all of Nintendo's internal research and development divisions.
The development department integrated Nintendo's most notable producers: Hideki Konno, producer of the Nintendogs and Mario Kart series; Katsuya Eguchi, producer of the Wii and Animal Crossing series; Eiji Aonuma, producer of The Legend of Zelda series; Hiroyuki Kimura, producer Big Brain Academy, Super Mario Bros., and Pikmin series; and Tadashi Sugiyama, producer of the Wii Fit, Steel Diver and Star Fox series.
The department was managed by veteran Nintendo game designer Katsuya Eguchi. As such, Hisashi Nogami later replaced his role as the producer of the Animal Crossing and was responsible for the creation of the Splatoon series.
TitleGenrePlatformProducer
1985Super Mario Bros.PlatformNintendo Entertainment System
Family Computer Disk System
Shigeru Miyamoto
1986The Legend of ZeldaAction-adventureFamily Computer Disk System
Nintendo Entertainment System
Shigeru Miyamoto
1986The Mysterious Murasame CastleAction-adventureFamily Computer Disk SystemKeizo Kato
1986'PlatformFamily Computer Disk SystemShigeru Miyamoto
1987'Action role-playingFamily Computer Disk System
Nintendo Entertainment System
Shigeru Miyamoto
1987'PlatformFamily Computer Disk SystemShigeru Miyamoto
1987'Adventure, visual novelFamily Computer Disk SystemHiroshi Ikeda
Shigeru Miyamoto
1988Super Mario Bros. 2PlatformNintendo Entertainment SystemShigeru Miyamoto
1988Ice HockeySportsFamily Computer Disk System
Nintendo Entertainment System
Shigeru Miyamoto
Masayuki Uemura
1988Super Mario Bros. 3PlatformNintendo Entertainment SystemShigeru Miyamoto
1990Super Mario WorldPlatformSuper Nintendo Entertainment SystemShigeru Miyamoto
1990F-ZeroRacingSuper Nintendo Entertainment SystemShigeru Miyamoto
1990PilotwingsAmateur flight simulationSuper Nintendo Entertainment SystemShigeru Miyamoto
1991SimCityCity-buildingSuper Nintendo Entertainment SystemShigeru Miyamoto
1991'Action-adventureSuper Nintendo Entertainment SystemShigeru Miyamoto
1992Wave RaceRacingGame BoyShigeru Miyamoto
1992Super Mario KartKart racingSuper Nintendo Entertainment SystemShigeru Miyamoto
1993Star FoxRail shooter, Shoot 'em upSuper Nintendo Entertainment SystemShigeru Miyamoto
1993'Action-adventureGame BoyShigeru Miyamoto
1993Super Mario All-StarsPlatformSuper Nintendo Entertainment SystemShigeru Miyamoto
1994Stunt Race FXRacingSuper Nintendo Entertainment SystemShigeru Miyamoto
1994Donkey KongPlatform, puzzleGame BoyShigeru Miyamoto
1995'PlatformSuper Nintendo Entertainment SystemShigeru Miyamoto
1996Pilotwings 64Amateur flight simulationNintendo 64Genyo Takeda
Shigeru Miyamoto
1996Super Mario 64PlatformNintendo 64Shigeru Miyamoto
1996Mole ManiaPuzzleGame BoyShigeru Miyamoto
1996Wave Race 64RacingNintendo 64Shigeru Miyamoto
1996Mario Kart 64Kart racingNintendo 64Shigeru Miyamoto
1997Star Fox 64Shoot 'em upNintendo 64Shigeru Miyamoto
1997Yoshi's StoryPlatformNintendo 64Takashi Tezuka
19981080° SnowboardingSports, racingNintendo 64Shigeru Miyamoto
1998F-Zero XRacingNintendo 64Shigeru Miyamoto
1998Pokémon StadiumRole-playingNintendo 64Kenji Miki
Tsunekazu Ishihara
Satoru Iwata
Shigeru Miyamoto
1998'Action-adventureNintendo 64Shigeru Miyamoto
1999Role-playingNintendo 64Kenji Miki
Tsunekazu Ishihara
Satoru Iwata
Shigeru Miyamoto
2000F-Zero X Expansion KitRacingNintendo 64
Shigeru Miyamoto
2000'Action-adventureNintendo 64Shigeru Miyamoto
2000Nintendo 64Kenji Miki
Tsunekazu Ishihara
Satoru Iwata
Shigeru Miyamoto
2001Dōbutsu no MoriLife simulationNintendo 64Takashi Tezuka
2001Luigi's MansionAction-adventureGameCubeShigeru Miyamoto,
Takashi Tezuka
2001PikminReal-time strategyGameCubeShigeru Miyamoto
2001Animal CrossingLife simulationGameCubeTakashi Tezuka
2002Super Mario SunshinePlatform, action-adventureGameCubeShigeru Miyamoto
2002'Action-adventureGameCubeShigeru Miyamoto
Takashi Tezuka
2003'GameCubeShigeru Miyamoto
Kenji Miki
Hiroaki Tsuru
2003Dōbutsu no Mori e+Life simulationGameCubeTakashi Tezuka
2003'Kart racingGameCubeShigeru Miyamoto
Tadashi Sugiyama
Shinya Takahashi
Takashi Tezuka
2003Pac-Man Vs.MazeGameCubeShigeru Miyamoto
2004'Action-adventureGameCubeEiji Aonuma,
Shigeru Miyamoto
2004Pikmin 2GameCubeShigeru Miyamoto,
Takashi Tezuka
2004Super Mario 64 DSNintendo DSShigeru Miyamoto
2005Yoshi Touch & GoNintendo DSTakashi Tezuka
2005Big Brain AcademyNintendo DSHiroyuki Kimura
2005NintendogsNintendo DSHideki Konno,
Shigeru Miyamoto
2005Mario Kart DSRacingNintendo DSHideki Konno,
Shigeru Miyamoto
2005'Social simulationNintendo DSKatsuya Eguchi,
Takashi Tezuka
2006New Super Mario Bros.PlatformNintendo DSHiroyuki Kimura,
Takashi Tezuka
2006'GameCube
Wii
Shigeru Miyamoto
2006Wii SportsSportsWiiKatsuya Eguchi
Kiyoshi Mizuki
2006Wii PlayPartyWiiKatsuya Eguchi
2007'EdutainmentWiiHiroyuki Kimura
2007'Action-adventureNintendo DSEiji Aonuma,
Shigeru Miyamoto
2007Link's Crossbow TrainingFirst-person shooterWiiEiji Aonuma
2008Wii FitExergamingWiiTadashi Sugiyama,
Shigeru Miyamoto,
Takao Sawano
2008Mario Kart WiiRacingWiiHideki Konno,
Shigeru Miyamoto
2008Wii MusicWiiTakashi Tezuka,
Katsuya Eguchi
2008'Social simulationWiiKatsuya Eguchi
2008New Play Control! PikminReal-time strategyWiiHiroyuki Kimura
2008New Play Control! Pikmin 2Real-time strategyWiiHiroyuki Kimura
2009Wii Sports ResortSportsWiiKatsuya Eguchi
2009Wii Fit PlusExergamingWiiTadashi Sugiyama,
Shigeru Miyamoto
2009New Super Mario Bros. WiiPlatformWiiTakashi Tezuka,
Hiroyuki Kimura,
Shigeru Miyamoto
2009'Action-adventureNintendo DSShigeru Miyamoto,
Eiji Aonuma
2011Nintendogs + CatsDigital petNintendo 3DSHideki Konno
2011Steel Diver Nintendo 3DSTadashi Sugiyama
2011Super Mario 3D LandNintendo 3DSYoshiaki Koizumi
2011Mario Kart 73DSHideki Konno
2011'Action-adventureWiiEiji Aonuma
2012New Super Mario Bros. 23DSTakashi Tezuka,
Hiroyuki Kimura,
Shigeru Miyamoto
2012'3DSKatsuya Eguchi
2012New Super Mario Bros. UWii UTakashi Tezuka,
Hiroyuki Kimura,
Shigeru Miyamoto
2012Nintendo LandWii UKatsuya Eguchi
2013Pikmin 3Wii UHiroyuki Kimura
2013'Wii UEiji Aonuma
2013Wii Fit UWii UTadashi Sugiyama
2013'3DSEiji Aonuma
2014' 3DSTadashi Sugiyama
2015SplatoonThird-person shooterWii UHisashi Nogami
20153DSHisashi Nogami
2015Super Mario MakerWii UTakashi Tezuka,
Hiroyuki Kimura

Technology Development Department

TitleGenrePlatform
1999'Graphics software64DD
2000'Graphics software64DD
2000'Graphics software64DD
2000'Graphics software64DD

Tokyo Software Development Department

The Nintendo EAD Tokyo Software Development Department was created in 2002 with the goal of bringing in fresh new talent from the capital of Japan who wouldn't be willing to travel hundreds of miles away to Kyoto. It is located in Tokyo, Japan, in the Nintendo Tokyo Office.
In 2003, twenty members of the Entertainment Analysis & Development Division in Kyoto volunteered to relocate to Nintendo's Tokyo Office to expand development resources. These twenty volunteers were primarily from the Super Mario Sunshine team. Management saw it as a good opportunity to expand and recruit several developers who were more comfortable living in Tokyo then relocating to Kyoto.
Takao Shimizu and Yoshiaki Koizumi began hiring several recruits in Tokyo coming from several established companies like SEGA, Koei, and Square-Enix. Shimizu and Koizumi jointly spearheaded their first project Donkey Kong: Jungle Beat. Then in 2007, released the opus magnum known as Super Mario Galaxy. After the release of Super Mario Galaxy, Koizumi was promoted to manager and producer and officially opened Tokyo Software Development Group No. 2.
The Tokyo group had veteran game developer Katsuya Eguchi as its general manager, who also oversaw development operations for the Kyoto Software Development Department.
TitleGenrePlatform
2004Donkey Kong Jungle BeatPlatformGameCube
2007Super Mario GalaxyPlatformWii
2009Nintendo DS Guide: IkspiariTour guideNintendo DS
2009Nintendo DS Guide: Kyoto Municipal Museum of ArtTour guideNintendo DS
2009Nintendo DS Guide: Osaka Aquarium KaiyukanTour guideNintendo DS
2010Nintendo DS Guide: Make It Yourself!Tour guideNintendo DSi
2011'Action-adventureNintendo 3DS
2011'Action-adventureNintendo DSi
2013Photos with MarioAugmented realityNintendo 3DS
2013Wii U Panorama ViewPanorama viewerWii U
2013Nintendo 3DS Guide: LouvreTour guideNintendo 3DS
2015'Action-adventureNintendo 3DS

TitleGenrePlatformProducer
2008New Play Control: Donkey Kong Jungle BeatPlatformWiiYoshiaki Koizumi
2008Flipnote StudioAnimationNintendo DSi
Yoshiaki Koizumi
2010Super Mario Galaxy 2PlatformWiiYoshiaki Koizumi
Takashi Tezuka
2011Super Mario 3D LandPlatformNintendo 3DSYoshiaki Koizumi
2013Flipnote Studio 3DAnimationNintendo 3DSYoshiaki Koizumi
2013Super Mario 3D WorldPlatformWii UYoshiaki Koizumi
2013NES RemixCompilationWii UYoshiaki Koizumi
Masanobu Suzui
2014NES Remix 2CompilationWii UYoshiaki Koizumi
Masanobu Suzui
2014'Platform, puzzleWii UKoichi Hayashida

List of software developed

The following is a list of software developed by the Nintendo Entertainment Analysis & Development Division.
TitleGenrePlatform
1985Super Mario Bros.PlatformNintendo Entertainment System
1986'PlatformFamily Computer Disk System
1986Nazo no Murasame JōFamily Computer Disk System
1986The Legend of ZeldaAction-adventureNintendo Entertainment System
1987'Family Computer Disk System
1987Super Mario Bros. 2PlatformNintendo Entertainment System
1987'Action RPGNintendo Entertainment System
1988Ice HockeyNintendo Entertainment System
1988Super Mario Bros. 3PlatformNintendo Entertainment System
1990Super Mario WorldPlatformSuper Nintendo Entertainment System
1990F-ZeroRacingSuper Nintendo Entertainment System
1990PilotwingsSimulatorSuper Nintendo Entertainment System
1991SimCitySimulatorSuper Nintendo Entertainment System
1991'Action-adventureSuper Nintendo Entertainment System
1992Wave RaceSportsGame Boy
1992Super Mario KartRacingSuper Nintendo Entertainment System
1993Super Mario All-StarsCompilation, platformSuper Nintendo Entertainment System
1993Star FoxSuper Nintendo Entertainment System
1993'Action-adventureGame Boy
1994Donkey KongPlatformGame Boy
1994Stunt Race FXSuper Nintendo Entertainment System
1995'Super Nintendo Entertainment System
1996Mole ManiaGame Boy
1996Super Mario 64Nintendo 64
1996Pilotwings 64SimulatorNintendo 64
1996Wave Race 64Nintendo 64
1996Mario Kart 64RacingNintendo 64
1997Star Fox 64Nintendo 64
1997Yoshi's StoryNintendo 64
1998F-Zero XRacingNintendo 64
1998'Action-adventureNintendo 64
19981080° SnowboardingSportsNintendo 64
1998Pokémon StadiumNintendo 64
1999Pokémon StadiumNintendo 64
1999'64DD
2000'64DD
2000'64DD
2000'64DD
2000F-Zero X Expansion KitRacing64DD
2000'Action-adventureNintendo 64
2000Pokémon Stadium 2Nintendo 64
2001Luigi's MansionGameCube
2001PikminReal-time strategyGameCube
2001Dōbutsu no MoriSocial simulationNintendo 64
2002Animal CrossingSocial simulationGameCube
2002Super Mario SunshineGameCube
2003'GameCube
2003Dōbutsu no Mori e+Social simulationGameCube
2003'RacingGameCube
2003Pac-Man Vs.MazeGameCube
2003'GameCube
2004'Action-adventureGameCube
2004Pikmin 2GameCube
2004Super Mario 64 DSNintendo DS
2004Donkey Kong Jungle BeatGameCube
2005Yoshi Touch & GoNintendo DS
2005Big Brain AcademyNintendo DS
2005NintendogsNintendo DS
2005Mario Kart DSRacingNintendo DS
2005'Social simulationNintendo DS
2006New Super Mario Bros.PlatformNintendo DS
2006'GameCube, Wii
2006Wii SportsSportsWii
2006Wii PlayPartyWii
2007'EdutainmentWii
2007'Action-adventureNintendo DS
2007Super Mario GalaxyWii
2007Link's Crossbow TrainingFirst-person shooterWii
2008Wii FitExergamingWii
2008Mario Kart WiiRacingWii
2008Wii MusicWii
2008'Social simulationWii
2008Flipnote StudioNintendo DSi
2008New Play Control! Donkey Kong Jungle BeatWii
2008New Play Control! PikminReal-time strategyWii
2008New Play Control! Pikmin 2Real-time strategyWii
2009Wii Sports ResortSportsWii
2009Wii Fit PlusExergamingWii
2009New Super Mario Bros. WiiPlatformWii
2009'Action-adventureNintendo DS
2010Super Mario Galaxy 2Wii
2011Nintendogs + CatsDigital petNintendo 3DS
2011Steel DiverNintendo 3DS
2011Super Mario 3D LandNintendo 3DS
2011Mario Kart 73DS
2011'Wii
2012New Super Mario Bros. 23DS
2012'3DS
2012New Super Mario Bros. UWii U
2012Nintendo LandWii U
2013Pikmin 3Wii U
2013Flipnote Studio 3D3DS
2013'Wii U
2013Wii Fit UWii U
2013Super Mario 3D WorldWii U
2013'3DS
2013NES RemixWii U
2014NES Remix 2Wii U
20143DS