The Nihon kokugo daijiten, often abbreviated as the Nikkoku and sometimes known in English as Shogakukan's Japanese Dictionary, is the largest Japanese languagedictionary published. In the period from 1972 to 1976, Shogakukan published the 20-volume first edition. The 14-volume second edition was published in the period from November 2000 to December 2001. It includes substantial additions to and improvements over the first edition.
Composition
The first edition of 1972–76 included some 450,000 entries in 20 volumes, while the second edition reduced the number of volumes to 13 and added 50,000 entries. The Second edition is the largest Japanese dictionary published with roughly 500,000 entries and supposedly 1,000,000 example sentences. It was composed under the collaboration of 3000 specialists, not merely Japanese language and literature scholars but also specialists of History, Buddhist studies, the Chinese Classics, and the social and physical sciences, over the course of 40 years. Entries are listed by kana, in the gojūon order. They provide the most common kanji used to write the word, the part of the speech, the various definitions, some early examples of the use of the word, and notes on the pronunciation. The first edition required the use of a slim supplementary pamphlet to track down the date and author of the historical works cited, but the dates have now been incorporated into the actual entries in the second edition. A supplementary volume includes an index of kanji, dialect words, and greater detail of the historical citations. Shogakukan has compared its Nikkoku dictionary to the Oxford English Dictionary because the Nikkoku represents the largest and most thorough dictionary of the Japanese language, and also provides etymologies and historical citations for its entries. Most entries contain citations from early known usages of the word in a text. Concise edition is based on the 2nd edition, with 3 volumes, 300,000 entries, 300,000 examples.
Uses
The Nikkoku, because of its size, has many features normally found only in specialized dictionaries. These include: definitions and etymologies of foreign loan words, highly recent words, archaic words, idiomatic compound phrases, words that can be written using more than one possible Chinese character to produce subtle differences in meaning, and Chinese characters that are written differently but have the same pronunciation, some slang, and words used only in regional dialects. Certain specialized dictionaries may have a few entries that do not exist in the Nikkoku, and many specialized scholars will need to rely on specialized dictionaries, but it is certainly sufficient for most general reference needs.
Evaluation
The cost and size of this dictionary makes it somewhat unsuitable as a desktop reference; however, it is essential for learning the full range of a word's meanings.
Online
On July 2, 2007, the dictionary became available online via Japan Knowledge. For a monthly fee, it is accessible to individuals and institutions.
