Newaric languages


The Newaric languages are a proposed group of Sino-Tibetan languages. George van Driem and Mark Turin argue that Newar and Baram–Thangmi share many features with each other, and thus group with each other.
Newaric was part of van Driem's Mahakiranti branch. However, this proposed grouping was retracted in van Driem, who maintained that the Newaric is likely a group, but is not closely related to the Kiranti languages. van Driem notes that similarities between Kiranti and Newaric due to shared retentions from Proto-Sino-Tibetan rather than from a more recent common ancestor.

Comparative vocabulary

The following comparative 100-word Swadesh list of the Newaric languages Baram, Thami, and Newar, along with Chepang is from Kansakar, et al..
English glossBaramThamiNewarChepang
Iŋagaijiŋa
younaŋnaŋcʰə, cʰinaŋ
weninijʰi:, jipĩni, ŋi
thisyokatʰwəʔiʔ
thatu, totoʔowʔ, ʔuwʔ
whosusususu
whathaiharacʰudoh
notma-ma-mə-, -mə--la, -ma
allsəpəi sakalepʰukkə, dakkwəjuda, ʔanə
manydʰerəi aheye-kwəʔa.nə
onededicʰə-guyat
twonisnisnyi-gunis
largealamjekʰatə:dʰə̃:taŋh-ʔo
longalamələmgatahakə:gyaŋ-ʔo
smallikineucyacidʰi:, cidʰə:̃mi-ʔo
womanmamacamaicamisanom-coʔ
manpapamimijə̃goy-coʔ
personbalmimənumanta, coʔ
fishnəŋanaŋanyaŋaʔ
birdjyali, wa ḍaŋaṇeŋ, wa jʰə̃gə:waʔ
dogakyakucukʰyicakuyʔ
lousekʰatsiriksyikras, srəyk
treeseŋmaseŋsyi-masiŋʔ
seedayupuyapusasayʔ
leafsu/holaajaləpte, hə:lo, mat
rootjəra naraharut, goyʔ
barkbokra sebu kʰwəlapun
skincʰala sebicʰẽgupun
meatkusyacicilamayʔ
bloodcihwuicwoi, cəihiwəyʔ
bonehoṭkʰosakwəẽhrus
fatucʰocʰyəu, cyouda:cʰaw
eggwohom, womahum, womkʰẽ:ʔum
hornuyuŋnarunyekuroŋʔ
tailpitiklimeknʰipyə̃:meʔ
featherpwãkʰ -pəpumeʔ, pʰeh
hairsyamsamsə̃:myaŋ
headkəpukapucʰyə̃:ta.laŋ
earkunakunlanʰaepə̃no
eyemikmesekmikʰamik
nosecinaciŋanʰaeneh
mouthanamugomʰutuhmo.toŋ
teethswasuwawasyək, səyk
tonguecelecilemyele
nailluŋjiŋ, ləgjuŋpinlusyisən
legunjikkonṭe, ulaŋtutidom
kneegʰũḍa pokolekpulikryoŋ
handhitlaklʰa:krut
abdomenuyaŋbaŋkal, guŋguŋpwa:tuk
throatgʰãṭi kaṇṭugəpə:kəyk
breastnənununuduru-pwəʔoh
heartmuṭuloŋseknugəhluŋ
liverkəlejo -syẽsinh
drinksyaŋ-gotun-satwəne, twənətuŋʔ-na
eatca-gocya-sanələ, nəyejeʔ-na
biteaŋak-kocek-sanyatə, wã nyayeŋawh-na
lookayo-go, ni-goyo-sakʰənə, kʰəneyo-na, cewʔ-na
hearsəi-gona-sai-satalə, tayesayʔ-na
knowra-go, cigosai-sasilə, syiyeci-na
sleepnu-goammi-sadenə, deneʔenʔ-sa
diesi-gosi-sasitə, syiesi-sa
killsat-kosat-sasyatə, syaesat-sa
swimpəuri bəne-go lampasalalkalə/kayelaʔ-na, kwelh-na
flyuble-goper-sabwələ, bwəyesyuŋ-na
walkjyo-go, ya-go cawa-sa, ajyacanya:se, wənə, wəyewah-na
arrivehyuŋcelgokelet-sawələ, jʰaləwaŋ-na
liena-goami-samu:pulə,ʔenʔ-na
sithuk-kohok-sadilə, pʰetuyecuŋʔ-na
standṭʰiŋ-gotʰeŋ-sadənə, daneciŋ-na
givepi-gopi-sabila, biyebəyʔ-na, hla-na
sayda-goŋa-sa, isdudʰalə, dʰayedayh-na
sununiunisurdyə:nyam
mooncəlaunicəlaunitimlalah
startara ucʰinəu, nəgukar
waterawapaŋkulə:tiʔ
rainaŋmətyuduwatiʔ, waʔ-ʔo
stonekumbalyuŋ, liŋlwəhãbaŋ
sand--pʰi-
earthnəsanasacasaʔ
cloudamukʰasusupãemus
smokeiskuaskuhmeʔ-ku
firemuimemihmeʔ
ashmautarbanəuhmeʔ-mut
burnjo-gojyou-sacyatə, cyayejʰəm-na
way/pathuŋmaulamlyam
mountainpahaḍcyuri paharpa.har
redpʰəyakerethyãũdu-ʔo
greenhəriyo -wãũpli-ʔo
yellowkeuwomelumʰasuyar-ʔo
whitegyaboubotuyu:bʰam-ʔo
blackciliŋkijihakugal-ʔo
nightrat ṭacanʰəe, caya. ʔdiŋ
hotgyodumadumkwa:dʰah-ʔo
coolciso ajikkʰwaũnik-ʔo
fullkipoŋir-irja:bliŋ-ʔo
newkauinakanʰu:rəw-ʔo
goodkisenapracabʰĩ:pe-ʔo
roundgolo kurliŋgwəlla:luŋ-o, gore
driedkyoksiareŋ, gaŋdugə̃gusot-ʔo
nameuminnameməyŋ