From 2004 to 2008, Gross was an assistant professor of sociology at Harvard University, after which he joined the faculty of the University of British Columbia. He was the editor-in-chief of Sociological Theory for six years. In 2015, he left the University of British Columbia to become Charles A. Dana professor and chair of sociology at Colby College.
Gross garnered considerable attention for his 2008 book Richard Rorty: The Making of an American Philosopher, which focused on philosopher Richard Rorty, and has been described by philosopher Barry Allen as using Rorty's life to "build a theory of the sociology of ideas." Reviewing the book, sociologist Neil Mclaughlin commended Gross for his "careful archival research, innovative theoretical synthesis and substantive contributions."
On liberalism in academia
Another focus of Gross' work has been the political leanings of university professors. With Solon Simmons, he began in 2006 a survey of 1417 faculty members at 927 United States universities, colleges, and community colleges, called the Politics of the American Professoriate. Inside Higher Ed reported that several experts said that the survey data "may become the definitive source for understanding professors' political views." Gross published an extensive analysis of this work in the 2013 book Why Are Professors Liberal and Why Do Conservatives Care? He and Simmons further analyzed the field of research in their 2014 compilation Professors and Their Politics. Sociologist Joseph Hermanowicz described Professors and Their Politics as an important work, on a par with "Paul Lazarsfeld and Wagner Theilen's classic study of 1958 and Seymour Martin Lipset and Everett Carll Ladd's 1976 work." Gross has found, along with numerous other researchers, that there are more liberals than conservatives in university faculty, but he has also said that there is relatively little evidence that students are indoctrinated into liberal opinions during college. In a field of study where experts disagree, and some have taken opposing views specifically on Gross' methods and interpretations, he has also criticized what he sees as conservative political bias intentionally distorting the results of demographic research on campus politics.
Books
"Pragmatism, Phenomenology, and Twentieth-Century American Sociology" - in Sociology in America: A History, Craig Calhoun, ed. 2008.