Neican are internal reports of limited circulation prepared for the high-ranking Chinese government and Communist Party officials. According to Chinesenews media regulations, any matter that media outletsbelieve would harm the image ofthe Communist Party of China or its government, threaten social stability and unity, or other matters not suitable for open publication, such as corruption, social unrest, and large-scale business swindles, should be reported internally rather than publicly. The neican also serve to keep the Party leaders informed about the issues that are seen as too sensitive be reported and discussed in the mainstream media. Thus they are supposed to offer more realistic and less censored version of events. They are often similar in form to investigative reporting, and are prepared by the journalists working for the official Party organs such as Xinhua News Service or People’s Daily. As such, much of the information collected by the Chinese mainstream media is published in neican, not in the public outlets. The popularity of neican has been on the rise in recent years, with some estimates suggesting a several-fold increase in the last decade from 2000. Some lower-level neican have become profit centers for their publishers, which try to increase their subscription base. Sometimes, the term neican is used to refer torestricted literature. Awards can also be given out for those who write good reports in neican.
Criticism
Neican have been criticized for being slow and inefficient. Often, they focus on information already available in the Internet, but not in the Chinese traditional printed mainstream media, which is both censored by the government, and in which self-censorship of sensitive items is heavily encouraged. They are also seen as biased, often saying what the writers expect the superiors want to hear, and downplaying or omitting unpleasant news. As Hu Xingdou, a professor of social science at the Beijing Institute of Technology, notes: " there are some issues that even neican won't touch", for example, military affairs and high-level corruption.
