National Bolshevik Front has been used as a name for three separate strands of National Bolshevism. The name initially applied to the Russian National Bolshevik Party of Eduard Limonov when it was founded in 1993. The group soon changed its name as it emerged as a political party. Although abandoned by the Russian group as a name, the term is still used to refer to a loose federation of National Bolshevik organisations that spreads across much of Europe and even has branches in Venezuela and Bolivia. Of these, the most important is that in Russia, with the others being largely insignificant.
In August2006, the name was taken by Alexei Golubovich for a new anti-Limonovist splinter group from the NBP that he led. This new group has links with former NBP member Aleksandr Dugin and closely cooperates with the Eurasian Youth Union, a group of young supporters of Dugin's neo-Eurasianism. The NBF's founders split from the NBP as they disagreed with what they perceived to be Limonov's policies of forging political alliances with pro-Western liberals and oligarchs in order to overthrow Vladimir Putin's government. The NBF considered this policy to be a betrayal of the original National Bolshevik fight against Western style democracy and capitalism. In the NBF's view, the NBP is no longer a National Bolshevik party, but rather the radical-looking wing of a wider revolutionary front supported by the enemies of Russian sovereignty. The new NBF perceives exiled oligarchs like Boris Berezovsky and Vladimir Gusinsky and liberal-democratic pro-Western and pro-market political forces as Russia's internal enemies, the external ones being perceived as NATO, American imperialism and the new world order. NBF ideology is deeply rooted in the Russian and German National Bolshevik traditions and they reject political and economic liberalism as well as claiming to reject ethnocentric and chauvinistnationalism. Although it is not officially supported by NBF doctrine, xenophobia, racism and antisemitism are much more mainstreamed by the aggressive NBF when compared to the more progressive Limonovist NBP.
