Nakielska street in Bydgoszcz


Nakielska Street is an important street in Bydgoszcz, Poland. It starts from downtown settlements to the limits of the city towards Nakło nad Notecią.

Location

Nakielska street extends east-west, from Grunwaldzka roundabout and junction with Focha Street to the intersection with Łochowska street near the western border of Bydgoszcz. Its length is about 5.4 km. The street is one of the main thoroughfares leading to the center of Bydgoszcz, connecting the western neighborhoods of the city situated on the south side of Bydgoszcz Canal.

History

Nakielska Street is an old road connecting Bydgoszcz to Nakło nad Notecią on the west of the city. An early 19th century map of Bromberg shows a path roughly matching today's street, which runs through the several estates: Wilczak, Miedzyń and the "Prondy colony". The path then led through Łochowo, Gorzeń,a bridge on Bydgoszcz Canal's 9th lock to Nakło nad Notecią.
An 1857 map of Bydgoszcz shows the path beginning at the intersection with Holy Trinity Street next to the bridge over the canal, then entering the western suburban city of Prinzenthal. In 1872, a railway viaduct was built over the street for the line to Inowrocław.
After Bydgoszcz returning to Polish territory in 1920, suburban area, including Prinzenthal have been incorporated into the city administrative limits, making Nakielska street almost entirely part of Bydgoszcz. The final part was "acquired" during city border changes in 1954.
By the end of the 19th century, the street was paved, and the first buildings appeared on the eastern section.
The first street modernization after World War II happened only in the 1960s. Bitumen pavement was then applied from the railway viaduct to eastern city limits. In 1973, has been built a roundabout over the filled portion of the old Bydgoszcz Canal, at the connection with Grunwaldska street.
Since 1990, few heavy renovations have been carried out on this thoroughfare, despite many projects and programs.

Naming

Through history, the street bore the following names:
Current namesake refers to the city of Nakło nad Notecią, 30 km west of Bydgoszcz.

Communication means

First tramway line on Nakielska street has been built in 1901, for the extension westward of third electric line, line "C" White, launched in 1900 from Theatre Square. Tram tracks were laid from Theatre Square to the crossing between Nakielska street and Czerwonego Krzyża street. In 1950, track lanes have been extended to the railway viaduct.
In addition to the street-car service, a bus line has been working since 1956 along Nakielska street.
The street is one of the heaviest traffic arteries in Bydgoszcz. In 2006, a measurement showed that during peak hours up to 1,100 vehicles were passing every hour. The most crowded section are the Grunwaldska roundabout and the intersection with Widok street.

Main areas and edifices

Original buildings on Nakielska street were created on plots leased from farm owners. Modest one-storey houses from the late 19th century were soon replaced by tenement houses, with similar designs to ones in downtown. In 1927 Polish Red Cross, owner since 1921 of a farm plot, established a residential area connected to Nakielska street. This road, formerly named Jary, was then renamed "Czerwonego Krzyża". Most of the buildings have been built along "Nakelerstrasse", during the Prussian period, among which:
During the interwar period, the municipal stadium between the street and the Bydgoszcz Canal has been created, allowing sports activities run by the newly established club "Gwiazda Bydgoszcz". In 1956, on its premises was inaugurated city's largest swimming pool: in a 4 hectares area were laid, among others, an outdoor swimming pool, children's pools, a solarium, changing rooms and food points. The recreation centre ceased its activity in the 1980s.
In the vicinity, in 2009, has been built the first marina on the Bydgoszcz Canal.
In 1961, the municipal Council extended the city boundaries to include in the west, inter alia, Miedzyń and Jary districts, making allowances for a few thousand plots allocated to individual construction. This extension allowed the construction of new schools, retail outlets and churches, such as the parish of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel and Parish Blissful Michael Kozal.

Tenement at No. 1, corner with Miedza Street

1906
Eclecticism
This tenement was ordered by Rudolf Malchow, a rentier, who had been living previously No. 3, which he owned too.
This nice corner building, now deprived of initial architectural motifs, still displays nice balconies and a modest topping spire.

Park on the Bydgoszcz Canal

Registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List, N°601440, Reg.A/900/1-27,, but along a 3 km part of the old Bydgoszcz Canal and Nakielska street, making it the second largest park in Bydgoszcz.
Its creation is associated with the construction of Bydgoszcz Canal, the oldest in Poland, connecting Noteć and Brda rivers, thus being a link in the long waterway between rivers Oder and Vistula.
The Bydgoszcz canal has been completed in 1774. On the section of Bydgoszcz, it is characterized by the need to overcome a 22 m high level gap, hence the need to build seven locks. Ernst Conrad Peterson was a channel inspector who came with the idea in 1802 to have the banks of the channel planted with trees to stabilize the unstable sandy soil: black poplars, alders, chestnuts, lindens, elms and beeches.
In the days of Duchy of Warsaw Napoleonic General Wincenty Aksamitowski planted rows of trees, today called "William polars", that are recognized as Polish Natural Monument.
In the second half of the 19th century, the park on the canal became a citywide leisure and entertainment area: the first restaurant with a dance floor and a garden patio - Blumenschleuse - was built in 1838. In following years, private entrepreneurs opened there catering facilities and organized attractions: boat rentals, dances, exhibitions, summer theater, ice rink, etc. In this constant foliage and bushes area was unveiled in 1894 a monument to the co-creator of the canal, Franz von Brenckenhoff, in a form of a bust standing between the second and third lock. It was dismantled and moved to Piła in July 1919, after the decision to reintegrate Bydgoszcz to Polish territory. At the same time the Bydgoszcz Canal, was participating actively to the city business: countless rafts floated to the west, and locks were used age by barges, ships and even steamers.
In 1906–1915, a thorough reconstruction of the Bydgoszcz Canal led to excavate a new section, with two new locks: consequently, the fraction along Nakielska street became abandoned and was used as a recreational area. This portion of the canal was then called "Old Bydgoszcz Canal". Nevertheless, it remained fully operational and was used twice afterwards: first in 1939, for Polish troops and shortly after World War II while one of the main lock was still out of order.
During interwar period, the park along the canal was a hallmark of Bydgoszcz, must-see in the touristic circuit of the city. Marshal Józef Piłsudski planted there a tree during his short stay in 1921.
A general reconstruction with embellishments was carried out in 1936: in the park, there were a dozen of restaurants, cafes, beer gardens, playgrounds for children, as well as tennis courts, and a 9 ha leisure complex founded in 1928 by Sejm member Idzi Świtała. The grounds were a propicious place for birds, with a lush vegetation: for 150 years, it has been considered as housing one of the largest colony of Thrush nightingales in Europe. Some of the oldest trees were seen as natural curiosities such as a 36 m high black poplar with a trunk circumference of 300–500 cm.
The park started to become neglected in the 1960s, with the progressive expansion of Bydgoszcz and the unfavorable socio-economic climate: eventually, the old portion of the Canal became filled with rainwater and wastewater from the western part of the city. In 1970, the decision of the municipal council to dry and fill the eastern section of the canal was the last straw: 624 m of canal, together with two locks and a bridge were destroyed to widen the thoroughfare. This resulted in a decrease of the park area by one third, from 74 to 47 hectares, and for the Old Canal to become a dead branch, detached from Mill Island.
In the 1980s the future of the preserved section of the Old Canal has been questioned: several solutions have been considered, including a complete liquidation of the site. Finally, in the early 1990s, choice has been made to realize an acceptable reconstruction of the locks to clean the channel. A development plan of the Old Bydgoszcz Canal provided for the renovation of hydraulic equipment, the reconstruction of alleys and benches, the construction of playgrounds, and the maintenance of greenery.
Three locks were renovated between 1992 and 1995, together with the interdiction of sewage releases, the set up of fountains in the mainstream and the creation of a 4 km long bike path.
In 2004, at Nowogrodzka street 3, in a building owned by the High School N°3 "Adam Mickiewicz", has been created the Museum of Bydgoszcz Canal.

Max Mellin's Tenement, at No. 2

1890
Eclecticism
This tenement, initially at Nakeler Straße 92, was commissioned by Max Mellin, a butcher. In 1893, it moved to the hands of Hugo Liptau, a merchand, who opened there a restaurant, Bellevue, and ran it till 1920. In the 1920s, Feliks Hajek became landlord of buildings No. 2 and No. 4.
The tenement is very damaged and need overhaul to boast its neo-classic features. Both buildings were located on the bank of the Bydgoszcz Canal until its filling to expand Nakielska and Focha streets in the 1970s.

Tenement No. 3

1890
Eclecticism in architecture
This tenement, initially at Nakeler Straße 2, had Rudolf Malchow, a rentier, as first landlord. He moved to newly built tenement No. 1 in 1906, still owning building No. 3.
The tenement displays a typical eclectic architectural facade, with bossages, pediments and corbel table at the top.

Tenement No. 4

1904
Eclecticism
The building, originally at Nakeler Straße 91, has been associated with abutting N°2 for a long time. Built at the end of the 19th century, it has soon been the property of the landlord of N°2, restaurateur Hugo Liptau, till the end of the 1910s.
Though weathered by conditions, the facade still boasts remarkable details:
1904-1910
Eclecticism
Initially at Nakeler Straße 3, the tenement has been first owned by a merchand, Hermann Blumenthal, and soon moved to the property of Ferdinand Seegebarth, a retiree, till the end of the Prussian period.
The main elevation on the street still exhibits outstanding elements:
1888, 1914
German Historicism
Since its erection in the late 1880s, the tenement has been devoted to education. Initially a Municipal School, it has been working till the start of WWI, during which the building was almost uninhabited. At the re-creation of the Polish republic, the city owned the complex for its one use during ten years, before running there a new school Szkola Powszechna in the 1930s.
After WWII, the ZS1 took over educational activities for adults from High School No. 1 located at Plac Wolności.
On 11 November 2003, the school received its patron name, "Bartłomiej of Bydgoszcz", from a local Bernardine scholar which life is associated with Bydgoszcz.
After a thriving activity in the 1970s and 1980s, with activities refocused on vocational studies, the number of pupils decreased dramatically in the 2010s, from 1146 in 2000 to 272 in 2016. Decision was taken to move ZS1 activity to another location in the city, for new school year 2016/2017.
The main building on the street displays a typical German historicist style. Two gabled avant-corps border the main entrance, the rest of the complex being on the side off street, with several smaller buildings delineating the playing yard.

Tenement No. 17

1907-1908
Early Art Nouveau
Initially at Nakeler Straße 9, the place was first a store for wood, managed by Hermann Blumenthal Jr., then in 1900, it has been changed to a housing building with the same owner, not linving in
Recently renovated, the main elevation reflects the first influences of Art Nouveau. The main door is adorned with a stylized female
figure with floral and vegetal motifs, in addition to the sun-ray shaped transom light. Two wrought iron balconies overhangs the entry. Between the second and third floor, large cartouches display floral details, stylized masks and festoons. The facade is crowned by a last woman figure, symbolic of the Art Nouveau movement.

Adolf Müller's tenement No. 21, corner with Dolina Street

1907–1908
Art Nouveau
Initially at Nakeler Straße 10a, it has been commissioned by Adolf Müller, a painter, together with abutting building No. 19. In the 1910s, a doctor, Salko Marcus, practiced there.
Main elevations reflect the influences of Art Nouveau style. Unfortunately, the frontage on Dolina street is totally bare and deprived from architectural details. The main entry on Nakielska street is adorned with a stylized woman figure embedded in floral motifs. On the first floor, windows possess vegetal-shaped pediments. On the top, a superb frieze runs all the way, at the foot of shed dormers, an ogee gable and the thin onion dome.

Tenement No. 23, corner with Ułańska street

1895
Eclecticism
The tenement has been first owned by a mason, Franz Kuklinski: at the time, his address was simply Prinzenthal 24. His family has kept the building in their ownership till the start of WWII.
The large facade on Nakielska street, albeit bare from architectural details, displays a symmetry and balance inherent to neoclassicism.

[Mural] on building No. 22

At crossing with Wrocławska street, this mural has been unveiled in May 2018, part of the annual celebration of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship.
It depicts Polish Pope John Paul II looking out of the window of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.

Tenement No. 24

1894
Eclecticism, elements of Neo-Baroque
The tenement had as first landlord Franz Kaczmarek, a postman.
The elevation on Nakielska street offers its upper part to the view: first floor is flanked by pilasters crowned by ornamented corbels. A heavy gable dormer sticks out from the roof: it possesses Neo-baroque elements, such as a decorated triangular pediments and ball finials. The building complex covers also a part offset from the street, with a garden.

Tenement No. 25

1895
Eclecticism
The building was part of the earliest wave of constructions in the street. Hermann Eggert, a blacksmith, was the first landlord of the tenement in the third quarter of the 19th century, referenced as Prinzenthal 26.
The facade is remarkable by the presence on the first floor, in a niche, of a statue holding a cornucopia, as an allegory of success and abundance. The other architectural details left comprise a carved wooden door, some bare cartouches, pilasters and lintels framing windows on the first floor and corbels on the top of the elevation.

Tenement No. 29, corner with Czarnieckiego street

1897–1898
Eclecticism
The tenement has been first owned by Hermann Blumenthal Sr., a merchant: at the time, his address was simply Prinzenthal 28. Hermann Sr. did not live there, but No. 31, which he possessed also.
Facades on both Nakielska and Czarnieckiego streets have been restored in 2017, and allowed to highlight the rich original architectural decoration, with pediments, bossages or cartouches inherent to this period.

Georg Niederführ's tenement No. 31

1906–1907
Art Nouveau, Eclecticism
While the plot has been constructed since the 1880s, Georg Niederführ, then landlord, had the tenement rebuilt in 1907. He lived there till the early 1920s.
The massive facade echoes its ancient glory: damaged cartouches, a large vertical motif, the adorned portal and the curved gable mentioning the time of erection are the only details one can still appreciate.

Schliep tenement, No. 35

1906
Art Nouveau
The plot has been constructed since the 1880s, but in 1906 Johann Schliep, then owner, had the building reconstructed. He lived there till the early 1920s.
The massive facade mirrors its neighbour No. 31. They both have one or two floors more than the surroundings houses and thus easily stands out on this side of the street. Facade No. 35 is, however, richer than its alter ego. On the ground floor, windows are round-top, and both the main entry and the carriage entrance are delicately decorated with festoons and Art Nouveau–style woman figure. The upper levels display garnished cartouches and lintels, as well as vertical bossages. Round top gable encapsulates the date of construction, 1906.

Otto Wirbath's tenement No. 39, corner with Chłopickiego street

1893, 1906–1907
Art Nouveau, Eclecticism
Otto Wirbath, a carpenter had the tenement erected on the place of the old buildings from the 1880s. His family lived there till the outbreak of WWII.
A majority of the original decoration has disappeared. A 1914 picture portrays the rich details the corner house had. Today, one can still note part of the vegetal stucco around the main entrance, and the wrought iron balconies protruding from the corner and looking onto Nakielska street.

Franz Staczak's Tenement, No. 44

1910–1911
Art Nouveau
The commissioner of this tenement, Franz Staczak, was a construction contractor who had been living No. 42 since 1892. The Staszak family owned the building until the start of WWII.
The main elevation is blackened by time and pollution. However, one can appreciate several Art nouveau details. As for N°35, the entrance and the ground floor windows are decorated with festoons and an Art Nouveau-style woman figure. Upper levels display stuccoed pedimented openings and two wrought iron balconies.

Blumwe's Kindergarten, No. 47

1898, by Fritz Weidner
German Historicism
The villa has been initially commissioned by Carl Blumwe as a kindergarten for his factory workers.

Franz ßfundt's Tenement, No. 51—Corner with Stawowa street

1891
Eclecticism
Franz ßfundt was a local chancellor. He ordered the construction of this building in the late 1880s: it is one of the first houses erected on this street; at the time, address was Prinzenthal 38. In the 1920s, the villa housed catholic deacons. Today, it is a property of the Polish Healthcare system : a local dispensary is run there.
The facade presents the type of Neoclassical architecture one could observe in the streets of Bromberg in the second half of the 19th century. The symmetry and the balance is only offset by an additional building on the right of the tenement. First floor window display nice lintel, topped characteristic small square openings, crowned by a dense corbel table.

Villa Carl Blumwe, No. 53

1850, by Carl Stampehl
Neo-Baroque
The Villa Carla Blumwe is a former industrial building that belonged to factory owners Carl and Wilhelm Blumwe. The building is located at Nakielska street 53 in Bydgoszcz. Its architectural features can be connected with identical industry-related edifices from the second half of the 19th century in Lodz and Warsaw.

Factory of Machine Tools for wood No. 55/57 - Corner with Stawowa street

1896-1897
Industrial architecture
The factory complex has been built in the second half of the 19th century, to the like of well-known industrial similar buildings in Lodz or Warsaw. The factory building is connected to the prestigious residential and office, emphasizing the social status of the manufacturer, while at the same time contrasting with the austere, brick-architecture of the factory halls.

Tenement No. 58

1911
Art Nouveau
First registered landlord was Johann Erdmann. In the 1910s, the owner of the house was a pastor, Carl Bötticher, in charge of the nearby parish of Wilczak evangelical church, today's Church of Divine Mercy No. 68. In 1915, he got retired and moved from Nakelerstarße 66 to Dantzigerstraße 159.
Like many buildings from this architectural hinge period, the facade presents elements of nascent Art Nouveau in its fading glory, but also other eclecticist influences.

Church of Divine Mercy, No. 68

Registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian heritage list, N°601238- Reg. A/841
1905, by Carl Rose
Neo-Gothic
The church is located within the area of Bydgoszcz Canal Park.
The construction of the church took place in the context of an intensive development of the evangelical church architecture in Bydgoszcz and its suburbs at the end of the 19th century and early 20th century: in this period, eight Evangelical churches were erected in and around Bydgoszcz, mostly in a red-brick neo-Gothic style.
Initially subordinated to Okole parish authority until 1898, the Wilczak evangelical church was established as independent in 1900, covering Wilczak, Miedzyń and part of Prądy districts. The construction of the temple and ancillary buildings on Nakielska happened in 1902-1904, thanks to the efforts of the first parish priest and the parish council composed of influential people.
The main architect was Bydgoszcz designer Carl Rose, who has previously realized in the city:
The erection of the main structure of the church was completed in 1905, and interiors were finished and equipped in 1906. Evangelical service in the temple was carried out until 1945, although the best years for the development of the parish and the church already ended with the outbreak of World War I.
The building was devastated when German community left Bydgoszcz during World War II, and on February 2, 1945, municipal authorities handed out the edifice to responsibility of the parish of the Holy Trinity in Bydgoszcz for Catholic use. Cardinal August Hlond issued a decree establishing on October 1, 1946 the Parish of the Divine Mercy.
The temple has three aisles, its footprint founded on a Christian cross with enclosed chancel oriented to the north. The main body consists of a vast nave, a long-chancel and a short arms transept. Front of the church is dominated by the massive tower topped with a high pointed dome. Temple's facades are decorated with friezes and pinnacles.
The front facade has a portal with reliefs depicting Christ the Good Shepherd, and an above mosaic with the image of Our Lady of Czestochowa, the entrance door remained very decorative, with wrought iron hinges and its lock adorned with vegetable motifs.
Inside, since the handover for the Catholic liturgy, one can notice:
The upper galleries above the main entrance date back to the original decor of 1905, others have been removed in 1946..

Wilhelm Dettmann's Tenement, No. 75

1878, 1906-1907
Eclecticism, elements of Art Nouveau
Wilhelm Dettmann, a tax collector, ordered the erection of the building which address was registered as Prinzenthal 47. His family has lived there till the beginning of the 1920s. Willy Jahr, owner of the bicycle factory No. 89, and his wife Hildegard have been killed in this tenement by Russian soldiers during the liberation of Bydgoszcz.
Though austere at first glance with its cubic shapes, the tenement offers many architectural details. An avant-corps topped by a balustrade comprises a couple of loggias, each framed by columns. The main elevation displays stuccoed festoon and pilasters which tops are adorned with floral ornament from Art Nouveau style. A geometric motif frieze runs all the way at the top of the facade.

Tenement No. 77 - Corner with Wrzesińska Street

1909–1910
Art Nouveau
Although the plot has been first constructed in the last quarter of the 19th century, the actual building was a commission of Arnold Reßlaff, then landlord in the syart of the 20th century.
The building still preserved its original main door, with geometric motifs and a transom light. The main attraction is the metal covered onion dome ending in spire, that tops the gable at the corner of the tenement. I echoes the same architecture found No. 21.

Ancient Pomeranian Bike Factory ''Rekord-Willy Jahr'' (PFR), No. 89

1930-1934, by Alfred Müller
Industrial architecture
After the first World War, Bydgoszcz was considered as the cradle of the bicycle industry in Poland. There were several factories producing bicycles and bicycle accessories. P.F.R. -Willy Jahr stemmed from the small shop launched at the beginning of the 20th century by his Willy 's parents Ernst and Klara Jahr in Dworcowa Street. Willy Jahr took over in 1926 and converted it to a bike assembly plant. Willy Jahr was born in 1891 in Nakło nad Notecią. In the 1930s, with a growing development of domestic manufacturing in the bicycle industry, Willy Jahr's factory took off and in 1930 he established the name P.F.R. for Pomeranian Factory Bike company which in 1931 was transformed into in a limited liability company. At its heyday in 1938, the factory had 100 workers and produced 18700 bikes. A year later, numbers dwindled and operations stopped in 1944. Willy and his wife Hildegard were killed by Russian soldiers in their bed during the liberation of Bydgoszcz in their apartment at Nakielska 75. His company was then merged with the national bicycle producing firm Romet.
The building designed by architect Alfred Müller presents typical functionalist style: it survived mainly preserved till today.

Factory of Machine Tools for wood No. 129/131 - Corner with Słoneczna street

1888
Industrial architecture
These buildings were part of Blumwes' factory complex at the end of the 19th century.