Myokymia


Myokymia is an involuntary, spontaneous, localized quivering of a few muscles, or bundles within a muscle, but which are insufficient to move a joint. One type is superior oblique myokymia.
Myokymia is commonly used to describe an involuntary eyelid muscle contraction, typically involving the lower eyelid or less often the upper eyelid. It occurs in normal individuals and typically starts and disappears spontaneously. However, it can sometimes last up to three weeks. Since the condition typically resolves itself, medical professionals do not consider it to be serious or a cause for concern.
In contrast, facial myokymia is a fine rippling of muscles on one side of the face and may reflect an underlying tumor in the brainstem, loss of myelin in the brainstem or in the recovery stage of Miller-fisher syndrome a variant of Guillain–Barré syndrome, an inflammatory polyneuropathy that may affect the facial nerve.
Myokymia in otherwise unrelated body parts may occur in neuromyotonia. The term from the Greek -mŷs – "muscle," + kŷm, -kŷmia – "something swollen" or -kŷmos – "wave").

Causes

Frequent contributing factors include: too much caffeine, high levels of anxiety, fatigue, dehydration, stress, overwork, and a lack of sleep. Use of certain drugs or alcohol may also be factors, as can magnesium deficiency. It can be also seen in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Treatment

Many doctors commonly recommend a combined treatment of a warm compress applied to the eyes, a small dosage of antihistamine, increased bed rest and decreased exposure to computer screens, televisions, and harsh lighting, and monitoring caffeine intake.