"Mutability" is a poem by Percy Bysshe Shelley which appeared in the 1816 collection Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude: And Other Poems. Half of the poem is quoted in his wife Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus although his authorship is not acknowledgedappropriately, since the poem is quoted by the central character, Frankenstein, and the novel is set in the previous century. There is also a prose version of the same themes of the poem in Frankenstein. The eight lines from "Mutability" which are quoted in Frankenstein occur in Chapter 10 when Victor Frankenstein climbs Glacier Montanvert in the Swiss Alps and encounters the Creature. Frankenstein recites: "We rest. – A dream has power to poison sleep; We feel, conceive or reason, laugh or weep; It is the same! For, be it joy or sorrow, Man's yesterday may ne'er be like his morrow; The monster also quotes a line from the poem in Chapter 15 of Frankenstein, saying: "'The path of my departure was free;' and there was none to lament my annihilation."
Mutability (1816)
The poem first appeared in the 1816 collection Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude: And Other Poems, published by Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy in London: We are as clouds that veil the midnight moon; Streaking the darkness radiantly!—yet soon Or like forgotten lyres, whose dissonant strings To whose frail frame no second motion brings We rest.—A dream has power to poison sleep; We feel, conceive or reason, laugh or weep; It is the same!—For, be it joy or sorrow, Man's yesterday may ne'er be like his morrow;
Themes
The poem consists of four quatrains in abab iambic pentameter. A series of symbols, clouds, wind harps, describe the permanence in impermanence. The themes of transformation and metamorphosis and the transitory and ephemeral nature of human life and the works of mankind were also addressed in "Ozymandias" and "The Cloud". The first two stanzas concern the bustle and hurry of life which only conceals its inherent transience. Human lives are as vaporous as clouds or untuned lyres that, discarded, have become like an Aeolian harp that is susceptible to every passing wind gust. The last two stanzas concern the theme of the lack of freedom. In sleep, the mind cannot control the unconscious which poisons sleep. Human life and actions are subject to uncontrollable internal or autonomic reactions and to external forces. The path of departure of sorrow or joy "still is free", that is, it is not under our control. The conclusion is that the only constant is change. There is also a prose version of the themes of the poem also in Chapter 10 of Frankenstein before the appearance of the poem: "Alas! Why does man boast of sensibilities superior to those apparent in the brute; it only renders them more necessary beings. If our impulses were confined to hunger, thirst, and desire, we might be nearly free; but now we are moved by every wind that blows and a chance word or scene that that word may convey to us." The prose version enunciates the identical themes of the poem, that man cannot control his thoughts because man has a subconscious that he cannot completely control. James Bieri described the poem: "The Alastor theme of loss is continued in 'Mutability,' with its lovely initial lines, 'We are as clouds that veil the midnight moon; / How restlessly they speed, and gleam, and quiver.'" The theme of change and transformation was also the subject of the 1820 poem "The Cloud" published as part of the Prometheus Unbound collection.
Second poem (1824)
An 1824 poem by Shelley is also sometimes published under the title "Mutability". It is also published with its first line as title. The flower that smiles today All that we wish to stay, What is this world's delight? Lightning that mocks the night, Virtue, how frail it is! Love, how it sells poor bliss But we, though soon they fall, Survive their joy and all Whilst skies are blue and bright, Whilst eyes that change ere night Whilst yet the calm hours creep, Dream thou – and from thy sleep
