Mu Cassiopeiae is a binary star system in the constellationCassiopeia. This system shares the name Marfak with Theta Cassiopeiae, and the name was from Al Marfik or Al Mirfaq, meaning "the elbow". Mu Cassiopeiae is given as a standard star for the spectral class G5Vb, although it is frequently described as a subdwarf, meaning it has a luminosity below that expected for a G5 main sequence star. There are five visible companions to Mu Cassiopeiae listed in the Washington Double Star Catalog. All are distant background objects fainter than 11th magnitude. The brightest of these is catalogued as component B, but the very high proper motion of Mu Cassiopeiae has caused it to almost double its distance from B. There are now two other stars brighter than magnitude 10 that are closer to Mu Cassiopeiae, although they are also background objects. The companions C and D are separated from each-other by four arc seconds and form a binary system about away. Mu Cassiopeiae itself is known as an astrometric binary, a star that is observed to oscillate due to the gravitational influence of an unseen companion, and that companion has now been resolved. In 1961 the close binary nature of this system was discovered by Nicholas E. Wagman at the Allegheny Observatory. Since then the orbital elements of the two stars have been fairly well established. The two stars are separated by a semimajor axis of 7.61 AUs with distance range of 3.3-11.9 AUs. In 1966, the individual components were first resolved by the American astronomer Peter A. Wehinger using the 84-inch reflector at the Kitt Peak National Observatory, allowing an initial estimate of separate masses. The companion is over six magnitudes fainter than the primary star, and it is presumed to be a red dwarf, a class M main sequence or subdwarf star. Compared to other nearby stars, this pair are moving at a relatively high velocity of 167 km/s through the Milky Way galaxy. They are low metal, Population II stars that are thought to have formed before the galactic diskfirst appeared. This star will move into the constellation Perseus around 5200 AD.
