San Nicolò al Lido refers to both the San Nicolò Church and most importantly to its annexed Monastery of San Nicolò located in Venice, northern Italy. It is located in the northern part of the Lido di Venezia and houses the relics of Saint Nicholas, patron of sailors. From this church, the traditional thanksgiving Mass of the Sposalizio del Mare is celebrated. The complex houses monks of the Franciscan order.
History
The convent and the church date to the origins of Venice in the early Middle Ages, founded, according to a legend, by the :it:Zancaruol|Zancaruol family. The site stood at a strategic point for the nascent Venetian power: at the main access to the sea. From here, in 996 and 998, sailed off the first Venetian expeditions against the Narentine pirates. On 9 May 1000, the fleet led by DogePietro Orseolo II took off for the campaign that led to the submission of Dalmatia. This event is still remembered in the Marriage of the Sea ceremony. In this church, Doge Domenico Selvo was elected and crowned in 1071, since St Mark's Basilica was under reconstruction. In 1099, the Venetian participation in the First Crusade departed from this port, led by the Bishop of Olivolo and Giovanni, son of the doge Vital I Michiel. In 1100, the relics of the body of St. Nicholas were putatively stolen from Myra of Lycia, and interred in this church. However, a few years earlier, in 1089, the remains of the saint had been entombed in Bari by Pope Urban II in person. Nicholas was proclaimed protector of the Venetian fleet. In 1202, the forces of the Fourth Crusade left from here. In 1245 :it:Salinguerra_II_Torelli|Salinguerra II of Torelli was buried here; he was a Ghibelline nobleman who held the city of Ferrara for many years, and who disputed the primacy of the Este family. In 1623 the relics of St. Nicholas were transferred from the church to the monastery to accommodate the construction of the new building, before being placed back below the altar. The Monastery was founded in the 11th century and transformed into a Renaissance cloister in the 16th century. After the suppression of the Benedictine order in 1770, the monastery was re-opened by Franciscan monks for educational purposes.
Architecture
The church, with a single nave, is annexed to a monastery and a great cloister, all dating to the 16th century. The Baroque campanile was erected in 1626-1629. The façade is surmounted by the tomb of Doge Domenico Contarini, who patronized the convent. The interior houses works are by Palma il Vecchio and Palma il Giovane. The three bells in G major date back to the 16th century.
In art
Italian painterFrancesco Guardi, member of the classic Venetian School of Painting, is one of the most pivotal figures regarding the visual documentation of San Nicolò through his numerous works. His painting style, known as pittura di tocco due to its small dotting and spirited brush-strokes, was later highly prized by the French Impressionists. - S. Nicolò.
The possession of the relics of St. Nicholas has long been disputed between Venice and Bari. In recent times some scientific inspections of the bones have been held, in Bari in 1953 and in Venice. Analyses found that the relics, divided between the two cities, belong to the same person: Bari has the larger bone fragments, while Venice has the smaller fragments, forgotten by Bari's sailor-men. The presence of the relics in Venice is little known, so the church is not a place of pilgrimage like Bari, especially for Russian Orthodox. .
Film and television
San Nicolò plays a pivotal place as a filming location as it hosted the production of the 1971 Italian-French drama filmDeath in Venice directed by Luchino Visconti and starring Dirk Bogarde and Björn Andrésen, based on the eponymous novella by German author Thomas Mann. With regards to the James Bond film series, San Nicolò has welcomed the crew of Martin Campbell’s Casino Royale starring Daniel Craig and Eva Green but also was used as the Italian headquarters of MI6 in Lewis Gilbert’s Moonraker starring Roger Moore for which production began on 14 August 1978. It was adapted from Ian Fleming’s eponymous novel. However, the 'Venetian glass museum' and 'fight between Bond and Chang' was shot at Boulogne Studios in a building which had once been a World War IILuftwaffe aircraft factory during Germany's occupation of France. The scene in the Venice glass museum and warehouse holds the record for the largest amount of break-away sugar glass used in a single scene.
The Old Jewish Cemetery is located a few meters away from San Nicolò. The first graves of this cemetery trace back to 1386 at a time when the Jews of Venice were not yet obliged to livein the ghetto created in 1516. The cemetery was used until the years 1640-1650 and it was abandoned because of the extension of the fortifications of San Nicolo made necessary by the Turkish threat.
Venice-Lido Airport
is an aerodrome located right by the Monastery. It is also known as Giovanni Nicelli Airport and was formerly known as Venice-San Nicolò Airport.
