A supplemental route is a state secondary road in the U.S. state of Missouri, designated with letters. Supplemental routes were various roads within the state which the Missouri Department of Transportation was given in 1952 to maintain in addition to the regular routes, though lettered routes had been in use from at least 1932. The four types of roads designated as Routes are:
Short routes connecting state highways from other states to routes in Missouri
Supplemental routes make up of the state highway system.
History
Prior to 1907, all road improvement activities in Missouri were undertaken by the individual counties, with little expertise or coordination between them. Amid growing automobile presence and insufficient road networks in Missouri in the ensuing years, the state legislature created a state highway department and the state highway commission as well as enacted various laws aimed at improving transportation in the state. In 1920, recognizing that economic prosperity and growth are highly related to good transportation, the legislature passed a $60 million bond issue for road work. This effort, along with the Centennial Road Law passed by the legislature in 1921, shifted highway building efforts in Missouri from the local level to the state level. As a result, the state highway commission undertook an aggressive road building campaign throughout the 1920s and 1930s aimed to "Get Missouri out of the mud". In 1952, the state highway department embarked on its Missouri 10-Year Highway Modernization and Expansion Program. Through this effort, the state assumed maintenance responsibility of over an additional of secondary and farm-to-market roads previously managed by the counties. The goal of the secondary highway system was to place state-maintained roads within of more than 95% of all rural farm houses, schools, churches, cemeteries and stores. Most of Missouri's lettered supplemental highways are the result of this program.
Highway designations
The more major supplemental routes of the system are ones assigned with single-letter designations. Minor branch routes and farm-to-market roads, which often end at county roads or are former alignments of the other highways, are typically assigned with two-letter designations consisting of two of the same letter. Additionally, combinations of letters may be used, but always with A as the first letter ; the only exception of this is on Route BA in western St. Louis County. Combinations beginning with the letter R are also used for routes that connect with state parks or other recreational facilities, which is the only use of R on the system; Route AR, a non-recreational route south of Bakersfield, is the only exception to this. The vast majority of the highways in the system are designated with 19 letters of the alphabet. The letters "G", "I", "L", "Q", and "S" are not used because of the potential confusion with other letters and numbers. The only current use of X is on Route AX in Macon County. These routes rarely run for more than a few miles, although they may cross county lines. At a U.S. Route or Interstate highway, they change their letters; for example, in Greene County, southbound Route J crosses U.S. Route 60 and becomes Route NN, and Route M in Cole County becomes Route J after passing U.S. Route 50. But when Route MM crosses Route 360, it remains Route MM, only changing into Route B when crossing Interstate 44. Route J in Boone County is one of the few exceptions to this, as it continues past U.S. 40 for three miles before becoming Route O upon passing I-70. The names are also reused, but not near one another. Rarely is a letter re-used in a county; there are two Route Z's in Randolph County and two route K's in Carter County. Route D exists in the counties of Cole, Greene, Newton, St. Louis, and several others.
Signage
Supplemental routes are signed by black letters on a white background with a black border. Rarely, the shields will be marked with banners such as EAST, WEST, or END. There are no business or bypass routes for the roads; however, seven examples exist of spur routes: Spur Route N in Cedar County, Spur Route C in Gentry County, Spur Route C in Monroe County, Spur Route K in Cass County, Spur Route AA in Saline County, Spur Route J in Shelby County, Spur Route V in Butler County, and Spur Route Y in Montgomery County. It is erroneously believed that due to these roads being designated by letters rather than numbers and their existing in more than one county that these roads are county roads, not state highways, with some businesses and residences located on these roads saying their address is "County Road A" for example. This may have also arisen from the signage used prior to the early 1960s, where the letter was painted black against a white background, with the words "STATE ROAD" above the letter and the county name below the letter, or from the use of letters representing county trunk routes in Wisconsin.
