Doss attended Ohio State University, where he played for the Ohio State Buckeyes football team from 1999 to 2002. He started 40 out of 50 career games and was a three-time first-team All-Big Ten selection and a three-time first-team All-America choice by the Sporting News. He had 331 career tackles, eight interceptions, eight fumbles recovered, and six quarterback sacks. With Doss starting all 14 games as a senior, Doss intercepted a Ken Dorsey pass to give Ohio State the lead in the BCS national championship game. As a senior, he was the Big Ten Defensive Player of the Year, and a unanimous first-team All-American. Doss was inducted into the Ohio State University Football Hall of Fame in 2011.
In 2003, the Indianapolis Colts drafted Doss in the second round of the 2003 NFL Draft. In that season, he started 15 games at strong safety, amassing 101 tackles and three interceptions. Doss was released by the Colts after the 2006 season.
Minnesota Vikings
On April 4, 2007 Doss was signed to a one-year contract by the Minnesota Vikings. He played in eight games.
Cincinnati Bengals
Doss was then signed by the Cincinnati Bengals on December 9, 2008 after the team released defensive endJosh Mallard. He was released by the team on April 27, 2009.
In 2005, Mike Doss founded The Michael A. Doss Foundation. MDF was founded to assist in the advancement of education, relief of the underprivileged and underserved youth and the promotion of social welfare by lessening neighborhood tensions, eliminating prejudice and discrimination, and combating community deterioration and juvenile delinquency. More information is available at www.MADifference.org. In 2010 Doss was named the winner of the Canton Jaycees Distinguished Service Award. Doss and the Mike Doss Foundation have been responsible for the Make A Difference Youth Football Camp at Fawcett Stadium. Approximately 200 children, ages 8–12, have participated annually. Doss also is responsible for the Back to School Block Party for Canton City Schools students. By partnering with local companies and organizations, Doss’ organization has distributed goods with a total value of $20,000. Doss also continues to provide gifts to local children during the holiday season and serves as a motivational speaker for students in Canton City Schools as requested. As of 2017, Doss works for Zimmer Biomet as a medical sales representative in Columbus, Ohio . He is married with three children and has now taken up golf.