Micro Bit
The Micro Bit is an open source hardware ARM-based embedded system designed by the BBC for use in computer education in the UK. It was first announced on the launch of BBC's Make It Digital campaign on 12 March 2015 with the intent of delivering 1 million devices to pupils in the UK. The final device design and features were unveiled on 6 July 2015 whereas actual delivery of devices, after some delay, began in February 2016.
The device is described as half the size of a credit card and has an ARM Cortex-M0 processor, accelerometer and magnetometer sensors, Bluetooth and USB connectivity, a display consisting of 25 LEDs, two programmable buttons, and can be powered by either USB or an external battery pack. The device inputs and outputs are through five ring connectors that form part of a larger 25-pin edge connector.
Hardware
The physical board measures and, as of 2015, included:- Nordic nRF51822 – 32-bit ARM Cortex-M0 microcontroller, flash memory, static RAM, Bluetooth low energy wireless networking. The ARM core has the capability to switch between or.
- NXP/Freescale KL26Z – ARM Cortex-M0+ core microcontroller, that includes a full-speed USB 2.0 On-The-Go controller, used as a communication interface between USB and main Nordic microcontroller. This device also performs the voltage regulation from the USB supply down to the nominal 3.3 volts used by the rest of the PCB. When running on batteries this regulator is not used.
- NXP/Freescale MMA8652 – 3-axis accelerometer sensor via I²C-bus.
- NXP/Freescale MAG3110 – 3-axis magnetometer sensor via I²C-bus.
- MicroUSB connector, battery connector, 25-pin edge connector.
- Display consisting of 25 LEDs in a 5×5 array.
- Three tactile pushbuttons.
The available hardware design documentation consist of only the schematic and BOM distributed under the Creative Commons By Attribution license, no PCB layout is available. The compatible reference design by Micro:bit Educational Foundation, however, is fully documented.
Software
There are two official code editors on the :The Python programming experience on the Micro Bit is provided by MicroPython. Users are able to write Python scripts in the Micro Bit web editor which are then combined with the MicroPython firmware and uploaded to the device. Users can also access the MicroPython REPL running directly on the device via the USB serial connection, which allows them to interact directly with the Micro Bit's peripherals.
The Micro Bit was created using the ARM mbed development kits. The run-time system and programming interface utilize the mbed cloud compiler service to compile the user's code into a.UF2 file. The compiled code is then flashed onto the device using USB or Bluetooth connections. The device appears as a USB drive when connected to a computer, and code can be flashed dragging and dropping the.UF2 file.
Other editors for the BBC micro:bit include:
- , a Python editor
- , a JavaScript interpreter
- , a block editor for MicroPython
- Free Pascal
- Simulink in Matlab signal logging, parameter tuning, code development from the Simulink block editor.
- C++
- Forth
- Lisp
- Rust
- Ada
- Swift
- BASIC
- Zephyr - the Zephyr lightweight OS comes with the required parameters file to be able to run it on this board.
History
Development
The Micro Bit was designed to encourage children to get actively involved in writing software for computers and building new things, rather than being consumers of media. It was designed to work alongside other systems, such as the Raspberry Pi, building on BBC's legacy with the BBC Micro for computing in education. The BBC planned to give away the computer free to every year 7 child in Britain starting from October 2015. In advance of the roll-out an online simulator was made available to help educators prepare, and some teachers were to receive the device in September 2015. The device was planned to be on general sale by the end of 2015. However, problems delayed the launch until March 22 2016.The BBC had a difficult decision to choose which school year group would be the first to receive the free Micro Bits, and the BBC's head of learning said that "The reason we plumped for year seven is it had more impact with that age group … they were more interested in using it outside the classroom".
Planning for the project began in 2012 as part of the BBC Computer Literacy Programme, and by the time of the launch in July 2015 the BBC had taken on board 29 partners to help with the manufacturing, design, and distribution of the device. The BBC has said that the majority of the development costs were borne by the project partners.
Partnerships
The development of the Micro Bit is a product of a number of partners working with the BBC:- Microsoft – contributed its software expertise and customised the TouchDevelop platform to work with the device. It host the projects and code for users of the device. It has also developed the teacher training materials for the device.
- Lancaster University – developing the device runtime.
- Farnell element14 – overseeing the manufacture of the device.
- Nordic Semiconductor – supplied the CPU for the device.
- NXP Semiconductors – supplied the sensors and USB controller.
- ARM Holdings – provided mbed hardware, development kits and compiler services.
- Technology Will Save Us – designing the physical appearance of the device.
- Barclays – supported product delivery and outreach activities.
- Samsung – developed an Android app and helped connect the device to phones and tablets.
- The Wellcome Trust – provided learning opportunities for teachers and schools.
- ScienceScope – developing an iOS app and distributing the device to schools.
- Python Software Foundation – worked to bring MicroPython to the device, created native and web-based beginner-friendly Python code editors, produced numerous educational resources and organised developer-led workshops for teachers.
- Bluetooth SIG – Developed the custom Bluetooth LE profile.
- Creative Digital Solutions – developed teaching materials, workshops and outreach activities.
- Cisco – provided staff and resources to STEMNET to aid with the national rollout.
- Code Club – Created a series of coding resources aimed at children ages 9 to 11 and delivered via volunteer run coding clubs.
- STEMNET – Provided STEM ambassadors to support schools and teachers and to liaise with third parties such as Bloodhound SSC and Cisco.
- Kitronik – Produced and gave away 5,500 e-textile kits for the BBC micro:bit to D&T teachers across the UK. Designed hardware such as a Motor Driver board to allow the BBC micro:bit to control devices such as motors and servos.
- Tangent Design – Created the brand identity for the BBC micro:bit and developed the website.
Microbit Educational Foundation
After a successful roll-out of the micro:bit across the UK, the BBC handed over the future of the BBC micro:bit, and adoption in other parts of the world, to the newly formed, not-for-profit, Microbit Education Foundation. The announcement was made on Oct 18, 2016 to a small group of journalists and educators at Savoy Place in London, that included a review of the past year and their plans for the future. The transition from the BBC to the micro:bit Education Foundation moved the official home of the micro:bit from https://www.microbit.co.uk/ to https://microbit.org/.The BBC licensed the hardware technology as open source and allows it to be manufactured around the world for use in education. The foundation oversees this.
On Jan 2, 2018 it was announced that Gareth Stockdale from BBC Learning would succeed Zach Shelby as CEO of the Microbit Educational Foundation.